Ion funnel with extended mass range and reduced conductance limit aperture
An improved ion funnel design is disclosed that decreases the axial RF (parasite) fields at the ion funnel exit. This is achieved by addition of one or more compensation electrodes after the conductance limit electrode. Various RF voltage profiles may be applied to the various electrodes minimizing the parasite axial potential wells. The smallest RF aperture that serves as the conductance limiting electrode is further reduced over standard designs. Overall, the ion funnel improves transmission ranges of both low m/z and high m/z ions, reducing RF activation of ions and decreasing the gas load to subsequent differential pumping stages.
1. A modified ion funnel that extends the m/z range and the efficiency of transmission of ions in mass spectrometry analysis, comprising:
an ion funnel having one or more electrodes disposed in succession with a terminal electrode disposed immediately following said one or more electrodes with co-axially aligned apertures, said terminal electrode having an aperture smaller than any electrode preceding it in said ion funnel;
a conductance limiting electrode co-axially aligned with, and disposed immediately following, said terminal electrode of said ion funnel, said conductance limiting electrode defining an aperture that is smaller than any other aperture of said ion funnel;
at least one compensation electrode co-axially aligned with, and disposed immediately following, said conductance limiting electrode, said at least one compensation electrode defining an aperture that is larger than the aperture of said conductance limiting electrode, wherein said at least one compensation electrode generates an electric potential adapted to deliver preselected on-axis and off-axis potential distributions at apertures of said one or more electrodes, said terminal electrode, said conductance limiting electrode, and/or said at least one compensation electrode; and
whereby said preselected potential distributions extend the m/z range, the operational pressure range, and/or the efficiency of transmission of ions to a subsequent differential pumping stage or to a mass spectrometer.
2. The modified ion funnel of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source operably connected to said modified ion funnel that applies a non-uniform profile of preselected RF and/or DC voltages to said one or more electrodes, said terminal electrode, said conductance limiting electrode, and/or said at least one compensation electrode.
3. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said aperture of said conductance limiting electrode defines a reduced gas flow to said subsequent differential pumping stage and/or to said mass spectrometer.
4. The modified ion funnel of claim 1 , wherein the extended pressure range includes pressures in the range from about 1 Torr to about 100 Torr.
5. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said at least one compensation electrode and said profile of non-uniform voltages decrease the on-axis maximum of the effective potential at said aperture of said conductance limiting electrode by at least a factor of 2, and increase the magnitude of the effective off-axis potential at the corresponding axial position of same compared to an ion funnel configuration having no compensation electrodes and a uniform voltage profile.
6. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said non-uniform profile of RF voltages reduces ion activation sufficient for complete transmission of ions in an unfragmented state to a subsequent analytical stage.
7. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said non-uniform profile of voltages increases the range of high m/z ions transmitted to a subsequent analytical stage by at least about 60 percent as compared to an ion funnel configuration having no compensation electrodes and a uniform profile of voltages.
8. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 ,
wherein said non-uniform profile of voltages increases the range of low m/z ions transmitted to a subsequent analytical stage by at least about 25 percent as compared to an ion funnel configuration having no compensation electrodes and a uniform profile of voltages.
9. The modified ion funnel of claim 1 , wherein said conductance limiting electrode has an aperture below about 1.5 mm.
10. The modified ion funnel of claim 9 , wherein said aperture of said conductance limiting electrode reduces effective gas pumping load to any subsequent pumping stage by at least a factor of 2 compared to a configuration having a terminal electrode aperture of 2.0 mm or greater.
11. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said at least one compensation electrode has an aperture greater than or equal to about 2 mm.
12. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said conductance limiting electrode provides a maximum absolute on-axis RF electric field intensity that is at least about 40% below that of an ion funnel configuration having no compensation electrodes and a uniform voltage profile.
13. The modified ion funnel of claim 1 , wherein the number of compensation electrodes is 2.
14. The modified ion funnel of claim 1 , further comprising at least one DC-only electrode co-axially aligned with, and disposed immediately following, said at least one compensation electrode.
15. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said non-uniform profile includes voltages that range from a preselected maximum voltage of about 0.99*V RF to a preselected minimum voltage of about 0 volts.
16. The modified ion funnel of claim 15 , wherein said preselected maximum and said preselected minimum voltages are about 100 V (p-p) and about 0 volts (p-p), respectively.
17. The modified ion funnel of claim 2 , wherein said non-uniform profile of RF voltages includes RF voltages that differ in magnitude between electrodes of said ion funnel and said conductance limiting electrode, and/or between said at least one compensation electrodes.