Biocatalytic material comprising multilayer enzyme coated fiber
The present invention relates generally to high stability, high activity biocatalytic materials and processes for using the same. The materials comprise enzyme aggregate coatings having high biocatalytic activity and stability useful in heterogeneous environment. These new materials provide a new biocatalytic immobilized enzyme system with applications in bioconversion, bioremediation, biosensors, and biofuel cells.
1. A biocatalytic material, comprising:
a preformed fiber having an external surface with a plurality of preselected enzymes attached thereto, each of said plurality of preselected enzymes is covalently attached to a functional group of said fiber that secures said plurality of preselected enzymes to said surface;
said plurality of covalently attached preselected enzymes are further covalently attached to aggregates of crosslinked enzymes; and
said aggregates of crosslinked enzymes provide a multilayer enzyme coating on said surface of said fiber that provides an enzyme activity greater than a monolayer of said preselected enzymes.
2. The biocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein said fiber is selected from the group consisting of: polymer fibers, co-polymer fibers, glass fibers, inorganic fibers, ceramic fibers, composite fibers, and combinations thereof.
3. The biocatalytic material of claim 2 , wherein said fiber has a thickness of from about 5 nm to about 30,000 nm.
4. The biocatalytic material of claim 2 , wherein said fiber has a thickness greater than or equal to about 20 nm.
5. The biocatalytic material of claim 2 , wherein said fiber has a length greater than or equal to about 1,000 nm.
6. The biocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein said enzyme activity has a longevity of greater than 100 days without measurable loss in activity.
7. The biocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein said functional groups are selected from the group consisting of: an aminyl (—NH), a sulfhydryl (—SH), an alcohol (—OH), a carbonyl (=C═O), a carboxyl (—COOH), an aldehyde (—CHO), an isocyanate (—NCO), an anhydride, an epoxide, a silyl, and combinations thereof.
8. The biocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein said aggregates of crosslinked enzymes are covalently attached to said preselected enzymes with a cross-linking reagent selected from the group consisting of: a di-isocyanate, a di-anhydride, a di-epoxide, a di-aldehyde, a di-imide, 1-ethyl-3-dimethyl aminopropylcarbodiimide, and combinations thereof.