High durability fuel cell components with cerium salt additives
A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is provided comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane which comprises a polymer that comprises bound anionic functional groups, wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane additionally comprises cerium cations. In another aspect, a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is provided comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane which comprises a polymer that comprises bound anionic functional groups, wherein at least a portion of the anionic functional groups are in acid form and at least a portion of the anionic functional groups are neutralized by cerium cations. In another aspect, a polymer electrolyte membrane is provided which comprises a polymer that comprises bound anionic functional groups, wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane additionally comprises cerium cations, and wherein the amount of cerium cations present is between 0.001 and 0.5 charge equivalents based on the molar amount of acid functional groups present in the polymer electrolyte, more typically between 0.005 and 0.2, more typically between 0.01 and 0.1, and more typically between 0.02 and 0.05.
1. A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane which comprises a polymer that comprises bound anionic functional groups, wherein said polymer electrolyte membrane additionally comprises at least one cerium salt where the at least one cerium salt includes cerium cations selected from the group consisting of Ce 3+ cations, Ce 4+ cations, and combinations thereof, wherein the total amount of cerium cations present is between 0.0025 and 0.033 mole equivalent based on the molar amount of anionic functional groups present in the polymer, wherein the distribution of the cerium cations across the thickness of said polymer electrolyte membrane is uniform, and wherein the polymer contains fluorine in an amount of at least 40 wt %.
2. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 where said cations are Ce 3+ cations only.
3. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 where said cations are Ce 4+ cations only.
4. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer has an equivalent weight of 1000 or less.
5. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer has an equivalent weight of 900 or less.
6. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer has an equivalent weight of 800 or less.
7. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer is perfluorinated.
8. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer comprises pendent groups according to the formula:
—O—CF 2 —CF 2 —CF 2 —CF 2 —SO 3 H.
9. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer comprises pendent groups according to the formula:
—O—CF 2 —CF(CF 3 )—O—CF 2 —CF 2 —SO 3 H.
10. A polymer electrolyte membrane which comprises a polymer that comprises bound anionic functional groups, wherein said polymer electrolyte membrane additionally comprises at least one cerium salt where the at least one cerium salt includes cerium cations selected from the group consisting of Ce 3+ cations, Ce 4+ cations, and combinations thereof, wherein the total amount of cerium cations present is between 0.0025 and 0.033 mole equivalent based on the molar amount of anionic functional groups present in the polymer, wherein the distribution of the cerium cations across the thickness of said polymer electrolyte membrane is uniform, and wherein the polymer contains fluorine in an amount of at least 40 wt %.
11. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 where said cerium salt includes Ce 3+ cations only.
12. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 where said cerium salt includes Ce 4+ cations only.
13. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 wherein said polymer has an equivalent weight of 1000 or less.
14. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 wherein said polymer has an equivalent weight of 900 or less.
15. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 wherein said polymer has an equivalent weight of 800 or less.
16. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 wherein said polymer is perfluorinated.
17. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 wherein said polymer comprises pendent groups according to the formula:
—O—CF 2 —CF 2 —CF 2 —CF 2 —SO 3 H.
18. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 wherein said polymer comprises pendent groups according to the formula:
—O—CF 2 —CF(CF 3 )—O—CF 2 —CF 2 —SO 3 H.
19. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer electrolyte membrane additionally comprises a porous support.
20. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly to claim 1 wherein said polymer electrolyte membrane does not comprise a porous support.
21. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said polymer is crosslinked.