Monovalent streptavidin compositions
The invention relates, in part, to monovalent streptavidin compositions. The invention also relates to methods of preparing and using monovalent streptavidin compositions. In some aspects of the invention, the compositions are monovalent streptavidin with a single femtomolar biotin-binding site.
1. A stable monovalent streptavidin tetramer comprising three modified streptavidin monomer subunits and one wild-type streptavidin monomer subunit, wherein
(i) the monovalent streptavidin tetramer has a single functional biotin binding site,
(ii) the amino acid sequence of each modified streptavidin monomer subunit consists of the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3 with or without conservative amino acid substitutions.
2. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , wherein the wild-type streptavidin monomer subunit binds biotin with a K d of a wild-type streptavidin monomer subunit for binding biotin.
3. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , wherein the monovalent streptavidin tetramer has a proximal streptavidin K d for binding biotin.
4. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , wherein the single functional biotin binding site is a femtomolar biotin binding site.
5. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , wherein the monovalent streptavidin tetramer has a proximal streptavidin overall biotin off-rate.
6. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , wherein the substituted amino acid residues are in the sequence of a biotin binding pocket of the streptavidin monomer subunit.
7. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the modified or wild-type streptavidin monomer subunits further comprises a purification tag.
8. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 7 , wherein the purification tag is a polyhistidine tag.
9. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 7 , wherein the streptavidin monomer subunit further comprising the purification tag is the wild-type streptavidin monomer subunit.
10. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , further comprising a detectable label.
11. The monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 , wherein the monovalent streptavidin tetramer is made by mixing together streptavidin monomers under conditions in which the monomers associate into tetramers.
12. A method of making a plurality of stable monovalent streptavidin tetramers, comprising mixing together wild-type and modified streptavidin monomers under conditions in which the streptavidin monomers associate into stable monovalent streptavidin tetramers, wherein the monovalent streptavidin tetramers are formed by associating one wild-type streptavidin monomer subunit and three modified streptavidin monomer subunits, wherein the monovalent streptavidin tetramers each have a single functional biotin binding site and one or more of the following characteristics:
(a) a proximal streptavidin K d for binding biotin,
(b) the single functional biotin binding site is a femtomolar biotin binding site,
(c) a proximal streptavidin overall biotin off-rate, wherein the modified streptavidin monomer subunit consists of the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3 with or without conservative amino acid substitutions.
13. A method of binding biotin comprising:
contacting a biological sample comprising biotin with a monovalent streptavidin tetramer of claim 1 under conditions that permit binding of biotin with a monovalent streptavidin tetramer.
14. A method for labeling a protein without causing significant protein aggregation, said method comprising contacting a biological sample comprising biotin with a stable monovalent streptavidin tetramer having three modified streptavidin monomer subunits and one wild-type streptavidin monomer subunit under conditions that permit binding of biotin with the stable monovalent streptavidin tetramer, wherein
(i) the monovalent streptavidin tetramer has a single functional biotin binding site, and
(ii) the amino acid sequence of each modified streptavidin monomer subunit consists of the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3 with or without conservative amino acid substitutions.