Fuel cell catalyst
A method is provided for making a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles, where the method comprises step a) of vacuum deposition of material from at least a first carbon target in the presence of nitrogen and step b) of vacuum deposition of material from a second target comprising at least one transition metal, the second target comprising no precious metals. In one embodiment, step a) is carried out prior to step b). In another embodiment, steps a) and b) are carried out simultaneously. Typically the deposition steps are carried out in the absence of oxygen. Typically, the transition metal is iron or cobalt, and most typically iron. The present disclosure also provides a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles made according to the present method. The present disclosure also provides a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising the present supported catalyst.
1. A method of making a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles, where the method comprises step 1) of providing microstructured support whiskers and step 2) of forming nanoscopic catalyst particles on the microstructured support whiskers, where step 2) comprises step a) of vacuum deposition of material from at least a first carbon target in the presence of nitrogen and step b) of vacuum deposition of material from a second target comprising at least one transition metal, the second target comprising no precious metals, wherein steps a) and b) are carried out simultaneously and wherein said at least one transition metal is iron or cobalt.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said at least one transition metal is iron.
3. A supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles made according to the method of claim 1 .
4. A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising the supported catalyst according to claim 3 .
5. A supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles made according to the method of claim 2 .
6. A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising the supported catalyst according to claim 5 .