Primary thermal batteries
A primary reserve thermal battery includes a primarily CF x cathode, a lithium-based anode, and a solid electrolyte between the cathode and the anode. A high heat source positioned proximate the electrolyte is capable upon activation to heat the electrolyte to a temperature below about 250° C., and more precisely to the melting point of the electrolyte. At that point, the electrolyte undergoes rapid melting and becomes highly conductive, whereupon to cause the battery to produce a burst of power for delivery to an external load.
1. A primary reserve thermal battery comprising:
a primarily carbon monofluoride (CF x ) cathode,
an anode having a lithium-based composition,
a solid electrolyte having a composition that is thermally stable in a temperature range below 250° C., interposed between said cathode and said anode,
a heat source within said battery and proximate said electrolyte, said heat source configured to heat said electrolyte to its melting point temperature to render said electrolyte sufficiently conductive for operation of said battery to produce a burst of power therefrom for delivery to an external load,
the primary reserve thermal battery configured to delivery power to the external load at operating temperatures below 250° C.
2. The thermal battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode includes CF x , conductive carbon and electrolyte in the ratio of 50-85% CF x , 5-51% conductive carbon, and 5-15% electrolyte.
3. The thermal battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an organoborate lithium salt.
4. The thermal battery of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte includes an ionic ally conductive polymer.
5. The thermal battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode is a lithium alloy.
6. The thermal battery of claim 5 , wherein the anode is a lithium-silicon alloy.
7. The thermal battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode is a lithium ion intercalating carbon electrode comprising LiC 6 .
8. The thermal battery of claim 4 , wherein the polymer is polyethylene oxide (PEO) based.
9. A primary reserve thermal battery comprising:
a primarily carbon monofluoride (CF x ) cathode,
an anode having a lithium-based composition,
a solid electrolyte having a composition that is thermally stable in a temperature range below about 250° C., interposed between said cathode and said anode,
a heat source within said battery and proximate said electrolyte, said heat source configured to heat said electrolyte to its melting point temperature to render said electrolyte sufficiently conductive for operation of said battery to produce a burst of power therefrom for delivery to an external load,
thin film heating elements to heat the battery,
the primary reserve thermal battery configured to delivery power to the external load at operating temperatures below about 250° C.
10. The thermal battery of claim 1 , wherein the components of the battery are structured to render the battery flexible.