Arrangement and method for detecting spontaneous respiratory effort of a patient
An arrangement and method for detecting spontaneous respiratory effort of a patient receiving ventilatory support via a breathing circuit. A patient/breathing circuit interface is adapted to provide a closed connection between a breathing passage of the patient and the breathing circuit. A sensor is disposed at least partially in the breathing passage of the patient and arranged to sense flow of gas through the breathing passage. The arrangement and method individually or in addition to the airway pressure measurement promotes reliable and rapid detection of breathing efforts of a non-intubated patient to promote efficient augmentation of patient breathing.
1. A method for detecting spontaneous respiratory effort of a patient connected to a patient/breathing circuit interface and receiving ventilatory support, the method comprising the steps of:
placing a pressure sensor at least partially into a breathing passage of the patient, wherein the pressure sensor is disposed between the interface and the patient; and
monitoring changes in the airway pressure;
monitoring a direction of change of differential pressure along the breathing passage of the patient; and
comparing the changes in airway pressure and the direction of the change in differential pressure to detect a spontaneous patient respiratory effort.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring the change in airway pressure comprises the step of comparing a differential pressure measurement to a previous differential pressure measurement to determine if the pressure is rising or falling within the patient's breathing passage.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breathing passage is a nasal passage of the patient.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure sensor comprises upper and lower cannulas that are offset relative to each other, wherein the upper cannula is placed deeper into the breathing passage of the patient than the first cannula.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of monitoring the direction of change of the differential pressure along the breathing passage of the patient comprises the steps of:
(a) calculating the differential between first and second pressures taken from the upper nasal cannula at one moment in time;
(b) calculating the differential between first and second pressures taken from the lower nasal cannula at the one moment in time;
(c) calculating the differential between the differentials obtained in steps (a) and (b);
(d) calculating the differential between third and fourth pressures taken from the upper nasal cannula a subsequent moment in time;
(e) calculating the differential between third and fourth pressures taken from the lower nasal cannula at the subsequent moment in time;
(f) calculating differential between the differentials obtained in steps (d) and (e); and
(g) comparing the differential obtained in step (c) to the differential obtained in step (f) to determine the direction of change of the differential pressure along the breathing passage of the patient.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising the step of providing expiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is rising and the direction of change in differential pressure is higher proximal to the patient.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising the step of maintaining a current phase of respiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is rising and the direction of change in differential pressure is lower proximal to the patient.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising the step of maintaining a current phase of respiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is falling and the direction of change in differential pressure is higher proximal to the patient.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising the step of providing inspiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is falling and the differential pressure is lower proximal to the patient.
10. An arrangement for detecting spontaneous respiratory effort of a patient receiving ventilatory support via a patient breathing circuit, the arrangement comprising:
a patient/breathing circuit interface, the interface being configured to provide a closed connection between a breathing passage of the patient and the breathing circuit;
a sensing device, the sensing device comprising a differential pressure sensor configured to be at least partially disposed in the breathing passage of the patient and to sense a flow of gas through the breathing passage and changes in airway pressure; and
a controller, the controller configured to compare changes in airway pressure and a direction of change in differential pressure along the breathing passage to detect a spontaneous patient respiratory effort.
11. The arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to monitor the change in airway pressure by comparing a differential pressure measurement to a previous differential pressure measurement to determine if the pressure is rising or falling within the patient's breathing passage.
12. The arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the breathing passage is a nasal passage of the patient.
13. The arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the pressure sensor comprises upper and lower cannnulas that are offset relative to each other, wherein the upper cannula is configured to be placed deeper into the breathing passage of the patient than the first cannula.
14. The arrangement of claim 13 , wherein the controller is configured to monitor the direction of change of the differential pressure along the breathing passage of the patient by:
(a) calculating the differential between first and second pressures taken from the upper nasal cannula at one moment in time;
(b) calculating the differential between first and second pressures taken from the lower nasal cannula at the one moment in time;
(c) calculating the differential between the differentials obtained in steps (a) and (b);
(d) calculating the differential between third and forth pressures taken from the upper nasal cannula a subsequent moment in time;
(e) calculating the differential between third and forth pressures taken from the lower nasal cannula at the subsequent moment in time;
(f) calculating differential between the differentials obtained in steps (d) and (e); and
(g) comparing the differential calculated in step (c) to the differential obtained in step (f) to determine the direction of change of the differential pressure along the breathing passage of the patient.
15. The arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to control a ventilator to provide expiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is rising and the direction of change in differential pressure is higher proximal to the patient.
16. The arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to control a ventilator to maintain a current phase of respiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is rising and the direction of change in differential pressure is lower proximal to the patient.
17. The arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to control a ventilator to maintain a current phase of respiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is falling and the direction of change in differential pressure is higher proximal to the patient.
18. The arrangement of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to control a ventilator to provide inspiratory support to the patient if the airway pressure is falling and the differential pressure is lower proximal to the patient.