Transformed bacterium lacking selectable marker and overexpression of antigens in mycobacteria
Recombinant Mycobacterium strains with improved vaccinal properties for use as vaccinating agents are provided. The parent strains of the recombinant Mycobacterium strains are selected for their potent immunogenicity. The Mycobacterium strains do not display antibiotic resistance, and do not exhibit horizontal transfer to gram-negative bacteria.
1. A transformed bacterium or progeny thereof which incorporates a nucleotide sequence, which replicates and is expressed therein, wherein said nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, and wherein said nucleotide sequence resides on a plasmid, and
wherein said nucleotide sequence encodes for a protein required for survival, and where a gene coding for said protein required for survival is deleted from bacterial genome of said transformed bacterium.
2. The transformed bacterium or progeny thereof of claim 1 wherein said transformed bacterium is auxotrophic.
3. The transformed bacterium or progeny thereof of claim 1 wherein said nucleotide sequence is at least a part of a one-way shuttle vector.
4. A transformed bacterium or progeny thereof which incorporates a foreign nucleotide sequence, which replicates and is expressed therein, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, and wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence resides on a plasmid, and wherein said plasmid harbors a gene encoding for endosome escape.
5. The transformed bacterium or progeny thereof of claim 4 wherein said bacterium is a Mycobacterium.
6. A transformed bacterium or progeny thereof which incorporates a foreign nucleotide sequence, which replicates and is expressed therein, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence resides on a plasmid, and wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence codes for antigen 85a, antigen 85b, or antigen 85a/85b.
7. A transformed bacterium or progeny thereof which incorporates a foreign nucleotide sequence, which replicates and is expressed therein, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence resides on a plasmid, and wherein said plasmid harbors a gene encoding for proteins that maintain and/or stabilize the plasmid.
8. The transformed bacterium or progeny thereof of claim 7 wherein said gene encoding for proteins codes for antigen 85a, antigen 85b, or antigen 85a/85b.
9. A transformed bacterium or progeny thereof which incorporates a foreign nucleotide sequence, which replicates and is expressed therein, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, and wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence codes for apoptosis.
10. A transformed bacterium or progeny thereof which incorporates a foreign nucleotide sequence, which replicates and is expressed therein, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence resides on a plasmid, and wherein said plasmid harbors a gene encoding for apoptosis.
11. A transformed bacterium or progeny thereof which incorporates a foreign nucleotide sequence, which replicates and is expressed therein, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, and wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence cannot be replicated in Gram negative bacteria.
12. A method of transforming a bacterium, comprising the step of incorporating a nucleotide sequence which replicates and is expressed in said bacterium, wherein said nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, and wherein said nucleotide sequence resides on a plasmid, wherein said nucleotide sequence codes for a protein required for survival, and wherein a gene coding for said protein required for survival is deleted from bacterial genome of said bacterium.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said step of incorporation is performed by electroporation.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein said nucleotide sequence is at least a part of a one-way shuttle vector.
15. A transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof comprising a foreign nucleotide sequence which encodes a protein of interest, and wherein said transformed Mycobacterium includes a plasmid that is incapable of replicating in Gram-negative bacteria.
16. The transformed Mycobacterium of claim 15 wherein said transformed Mycobacterium does not exhibit antibiotic resistance.
17. The transformed Mycobacterium of claim 15 wherein said transformed Mycobacterium is auxotrophic.
18. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof of claim 15 wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is part of said plasmid.
19. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof of claim 18 wherein said plasmid lacks a selectable marker.
20. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof of claim 18 wherein said protein is required for survival and corresponds to a survival protein encoded by a nucleotide sequence deleted from bacterial genome of said transformed mycobacterium.
21. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof of claim 20 wherein said protein is leuD.
22. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof of claim 20 further comprising promoter sequences which are activated in vivo.
23. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof of claim 15 wherein said transformed Mycobacterium is attenuated.
24. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof claim 23 wherein said transformed Mycobacterium is BCG.
25. The transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof of claim 24 wherein said BCG is selected from the following strains BCG1331, BCG Pasteur, BCG Tokyo, and BCG Copenhagen.
26. A vaccine comprising a transformed Mycobacterium or progeny thereof comprising a foreign nucleotide sequence which encodes a gene of interest, and wherein said transformed Mycobacterium includes a plasmid which is incapable of replicating in gram-negative bacteria.
27. The vaccine of claim 26 wherein said transformed Mycobacterium does not exhibit antibiotic resistance.
28. The vaccine of claim 26 wherein said transformed Mycobacterium is auxotrophic.
29. A method of transforming a bacterium, comprising the step of incorporating a foreign nucleotide sequence which replicates and is expressed in said bacterium, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence is not linked to a selectable marker, and wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence resides on a plasmid, wherein said foreign nucleotide sequence cannot be replicated in Gram negative bacteria.