Micro-chemical mixing
A method comprising, providing a droplet having a first chemical species and a second chemical species on a substrate, and applying a voltage across the droplet to physically repeatedly deform the droplet. In this embodiment, the applying causes the droplet to move with respect to an object located therein and at least partially mix the first chemical species and the second chemical species.
1. A method, comprising:
providing a droplet having a first chemical species and a second different chemical species on a substrate, the first chemical species and the second chemical species having a concentration gradient with respect to each other;
applying a voltage across the droplet to physically repeatedly deform the droplet in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate, wherein the applying causes the droplet to move at least two full cycles between less flattened and more flattened states with respect to an object located therein and while the object is located therein and thereby at least partially mix the first chemical species with the second chemical species thereby changing the concentration gradient.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the object has a first portion and a second portion non-symmetric to the first portion, the first and second portions defined by a plane located normal to a longitudinal axis and through a midpoint of a length of the object.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the object is an electrode.
4. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the object is a needle configured to provide the first chemical species.
5. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the object is shaped as a helix.
6. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein a shape of the object is selected from the group consisting of:
an inverted T;
an L;
a disk disposed along a shaft; and
a propeller.
7. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the object is positioned as to be asymmetric along an axis of motion of the droplet as the droplet is physically distorted.
8. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises a fluid-support-structure having at least one dimension of about 1 millimeter or less, and wherein applying a voltage causes the droplet to move between a top of the fluid-support-structure and a base of the fluid-support-structure.
9. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the droplet is a first droplet and further including providing a second droplet having a third chemical species and a fourth chemical species over the substrate, and applying a voltage across the second droplet to physically repeatedly deform the second droplet, wherein the applying causes the second droplet to move with respect to a second object located therein and at least partially mix the third chemical species and the fourth chemical species.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 wherein the first droplet and the second droplet form at least a portion of a lab on a chip.
11. A method, comprising:
providing a droplet over a substrate; and
injecting a chemical species within the droplet by inserting an object therein, the chemical species not previously within the droplet;
applying a voltage across the droplet using the same object.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein the object is an electrode configurable as a needle.
13. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein the injecting occurs before, during or after the applying.
14. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein the substrate is a hydrophobic substrate.
15. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein the substrate comprises a fluid-support-structure having at least one dimension of about 1 millimeter or less, and wherein applying a voltage causes the droplet to move between a top of the fluid-support-structure and a base of the fluid-support-structure.
16. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein a fluid volume of the droplet is about 100 microliters or less.
17. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein the chemical species is a reactant.
18. A method, comprising:
providing a droplet including a first chemical species over a substrate; and
injecting a second different chemical species within the droplet by inserting an object therein, the second different chemical species not previously within the droplet;
applying a voltage across the droplet using the same object.
19. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the second chemical species is a reactant.
20. The method as recited in claim 18 wherein the second chemical species is a reactant.
21. The method as recited in claim 19 wherein the at least partially mixing the first chemical species with the second chemical species thereby changing the concentration gradient includes reacting the first and second species.