Allocation method, network element, module and user device
The invention is related to a network element, comprising: means for receiving feedback information from the user device; means for creating a first orthogonality measure by using the feedback information; means for creating a second orthogonality measure by comparing transmission resources; means for transmitting information to at least one user device.
1. An allocation method in a communication system comprising at least one network element and at least one user device, the allocation method comprising:
generating feedback information in the at least one user device and transmitting the feedback information to the network element;
creating a first orthogonality measure in the network element by using the feedback information;
creating a second orthogonality measure in the network element by comparing transmission resources;
allocating transmission resources for the at least one user device based on the first orthogonality measure, the second orthogonality measure, and a required transmission quality; and
transmitting information from the network element to at least one user device.
2. An allocation method in a communication system comprising at least one network element and at least one user device, the allocation method comprising:
extending available code space by generating non-orthogonal codes;
generating feedback information in the at least one user device and transmitting the feedback information to the network element;
creating a first orthogonality measure in the network element by using the feedback information;
creating a second orthogonality measure in the network element by comparing transmission resources;
allocating transmission resources for the at least one user device based on the first orthogonality measure, the second orthogonality measure, and a required transmission quality in such a way that, in addition to orthogonal codes, the non-orthogonal codes are used; and
transmitting information from the network element to the at least one user device.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feedback information includes a quantized antenna weight vector.
4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
extending the code space by using non-orthogonal codes that are formed as a linear combination of the orthogonal codes.
5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
extending the code space in such a way that the non-orthogonal codes are formed as a linear combination of the orthogonal codes and codes used for the linear combination are selected from a same branch of a code tree.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the information transmitted from the network element includes a quantized antenna weight vector.
7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
obtaining the first orthogonality measure by using the following equation:
D
fb
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
=
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
fb
w
1
fb
w
2
fb
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 2 ,
(·,·) fb denotes an inner product with respect to a metric defined by ∥·∥ fb , and
fb refers to a feedback.
8. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
obtaining the second orthogonality measure by using the following equation:
D
tr
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
=
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
tr
c
1
tr
c
2
tr
,
wherein
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
(·,·) tr denotes an inner product with respect to the metric defined by ∥·∥ tr and
tr refers to a transmission.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein required transmission quality is deduced based on distance between the user device and the network element.
10. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
using for transmission resource allocation the following measure:
D
(
w
1
,
…
,
w
L
;
c
1
,
…
,
c
L
)
=
u
1
∑
l
≠
k
D
fb
(
w
l
,
w
k
)
+
u
2
∑
l
≠
k
D
tr
(
c
l
,
c
k
)
,
where
0
≤
u
1
,
u
2
≤
1
,
u
1
+
u
2
=
1
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word of user 2 ,
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
D fb is obtained from the following equation:
D
fb
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
=
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
fb
w
1
fb
w
2
fb
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 2 ,
(·,·) fb denotes an inner product with respect to a metric defined by ∥·∥ fb , and
fb refers to a feedback,
D tr is obtained from the following equation:
D
tr
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
=
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
tr
c
1
tr
c
2
tr
,
wherein
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
(·,·) tr denotes an inner product with respect to the metric defined by ∥·∥ tr and
tr refers to a transmission, and
u 1 ,u 2 denote transmission weights which depend on the performance target and a cell load.
11. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
using for transmission resource allocation the following measure:
D
(
w
1
,
…
,
w
L
;
c
1
,
…
,
c
L
)
=
u
1
∑
l
≠
k
D
fb
(
w
l
,
w
k
)
+
u
2
∑
l
≠
k
D
tr
(
c
l
,
c
k
)
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w L denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user L,
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c L denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user L,
u 1 ,u 2 denote transmission weights which depend on a performance target and a cell load;
D fb ( ) is obtained from the following equation:
D
fb
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
=
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
fb
w
1
fb
w
2
fb
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 2 ,
(·,·) fb denotes an inner product with respect to a metric defined by ∥·∥ fb , and
fb refers to a feedback,
w l denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user l,
w k denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user k,
D tr ( ) is obtained from the following equation:
D
tr
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
=
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
tr
c
1
tr
c
2
tr
,
wherein
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
(·,·) tr denotes an inner product with respect to the metric defined by ∥·∥ tr and
tr refers to a transmission,
c l denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user l,
c k denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user k, and
Σ refers to a summing operation.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the allocation of the non-orthogonal codes is based on measured path losses or known distances between users and a network element.
13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feedback information comprises at least one of the following indicators:
A
=
(
w
max
,
h
)
2
(
w
min
,
h
)
2
+
1
,
(
w
,
h
)
=
w
max
,
1
h
_
1
+
w
max
,
2
h
_
2
,
wherein
w max is a feedback code word giving a best Signal-to-Noise Ratio, (SNR),
h(h=(h 1 ,h 2 )) denotes a channel vector containing impulse response vectors h 1 and h 2 corresponding to a first base station antenna and a second base station antenna,
w min is a feedback code word giving a worst SNR,
w max,1 is a first component of vector w max ,
w max,2 is a second component of vector w max ,
h 1 is a complex conjugate of a first channel coefficient,
h 2 is a complex conjugate of a second channel coefficient, and
|x| denotes the absolute value of x,
or
B
=
(
w
max
,
h
)
2
(
w
min
,
h
)
2
,
wherein
w max is the feedback code word giving a best SNR,
h(h=(h 1 ,h 2 )) denotes the channel vector containing the impulse response vectors h 1 and
h 2 corresponding to a first base station antenna and a second base station antenna,
w min is the feedback code word giving a worst SNR,
and where w max (maximum) is selected such that
|(w max ,h)|=max{|(w max ,h)|:w is a quantized feedback code vector} and
(w min ,w max )=0.
14. The method of claim 2 , further comprising making a resource allocation decision for w 1 ,A 1 (first user) and for w 2 ,A 2 (second user) according to rule:
A
1
+
A
2
=
max
{
A
k
+
A
l
:
(
w
k
,
w
l
)
=
0
,
k
≠
l
}
,
wherein
max refers to maximum,
A k denotes indicator A for a kth user,
A l denotes indicator A for an lth user,
w k is a feedback code word for kth user,
w l is a feedback code word for the lth user, and
where k and l go through user indices.
15. A network element comprising:
means for extending an available code space by generating non-orthogonal codes;
means for receiving feedback information from a user device;
means for creating a first orthogonality measure by using the feedback information;
means for creating a second orthogonality measure by comparing transmission resources;
means for allocating transmission resources for the user device based on the first orthogonality measure, the second orthogonality measure and a required transmission quality in such a way that, in addition to orthogonal codes, the non-orthogonal codes are used; and
means for transmitting information to the user device.
16. A network element comprising:
means for extending available code space by generating non-orthogonal codes; and
means for allocating transmission resources for a user device based on a received first orthogonality measure, a second orthogonality measure, and a required transmission quality in such a way that, in addition to orthogonal codes, the non-orthogonal codes are used.
17. The network element of claim 15 , wherein the feedback information includes a quantized antenna weight vector.
18. The network element of claim 15 , further comprising:
means for extending the code space in such a way that the non-orthogonal codes are formed as a linear combination of the orthogonal codes and codes used for the linear combination are selected from a same branch of the code tree.
19. The network element of claim 15 , further comprising:
means for transmitting information including a quantized antenna weight vector.
20. The network element of claim 15 , further comprising:
means for obtaining the first orthogonality measure by using the following equation:
D
fb
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
=
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
fb
w
1
fb
w
2
fb
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 2 ,
(·,·) fb denotes an inner product with respect to a metric defined by ∥·∥ fb , and
fb refers to a feedback.
21. The network element of claim 15 , further comprising means for obtaining the second orthogonality measure by using the following equation:
D
tr
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
=
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
tr
c
1
tr
c
2
tr
,
wherein
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
(·,·) tr denotes an inner product with respect to the metric defined by ∥·∥ tr , and
tr refers to a transmission.
22. The network element of claim 15 , further comprising:
means for deducing required transmission quality based on a distance between the user device and the network element.
23. The network element of claim 15 , further comprising means for allocating the transmission resources by using the following measure:
D
(
w
1
,
…
,
w
L
;
c
1
,
…
,
c
L
)
=
u
1
∑
l
≠
k
D
fb
(
w
l
,
w
k
)
+
u
2
∑
l
≠
k
D
tr
(
c
l
,
c
k
)
,
where
0 ≦u 1 ,u 2 ≦1 , u 1 +u 2 =1,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word of user 2 ,
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
D fb is obtained from the following equation:
D
fb
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
=
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
fb
w
1
fb
w
2
fb
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 2 ,
(·,·) fb denotes an inner product with respect to a metric defined by ∥·∥ fb , and
fb refers to a feedback,
D tr is obtained from the following equation:
D
tr
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
=
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
tr
c
1
tr
c
2
tr
,
wherein
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 channelization denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
(·,·) tr denotes an inner product with respect to the metric defined by ∥·∥ tr and
tr refers to a transmission, and
u 1 ,u 2 denote transmission weights which depend on the performance target and a cell load.
24. The network element of claim 15 further comprising means for allocating the transmission resources by using the following measure:
D
(
w
1
,
…
,
w
L
;
c
1
,
…
,
c
L
)
=
u
1
∑
l
≠
k
D
fb
(
w
l
,
w
k
)
+
u
2
∑
l
≠
k
D
tr
(
c
1
,
c
k
)
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w L denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user L,
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c L denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user L,
u 1 ,u 2 denote transmission weights which depend on the performance target and a cell load,
D fb ( ) is obtained from the following equation:
D
fb
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
=
(
w
1
,
w
2
)
fb
w
1
fb
w
2
fb
,
wherein
w 1 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 1 ,
w 2 denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user 2 ,
(·,·) fb denotes an inner product with respect to a metric defined by ∥·∥ fb , and
fb refers to a feedback,
w l denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user l,
w k denotes a feedback code word (quantized antenna weight vector) of user k,
D tr ( ) is obtained from the following equation:
D
tr
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
=
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
tr
c
1
tr
c
2
tr
,
wherein
c 1 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 1 ,
c 2 denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user 2 ,
(·,·) tr denotes an inner product with respect to the metric defined by ∥·∥ tr and
tr refers to a transmission,
c l denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user l,
c k denotes a vector containing resource information comprising channelization codes of user k, and
Σ refers to a summing operation.
25. The network element of claim 15 , further comprising:
means for allocating the non-orthogonal codes based on measured path losses or known distances between users and the network element.
26. The network element of claim 15 , the network element further comprising:
means for making a resource allocation decision for w 1 ,A 1 (first user) and for w 2 ,A 2 (second user) according to rule:
A
1
+
A
2
=
max
{
A
k
+
A
l
:
(
w
k
,
w
l
)
=
0
,
k
≠
l
}
,
wherein
max refers to maximum,
A k denotes indicator A for a kth user,
A l denotes indicator A for an lth user,
w k is a feedback code word for a kth user,
w l is a feedback code word for the lth user, and
k and l go through user indices.
27. A module comprising:
means for extending available code space by generating non-orthogonal codes;
means for creating a first orthogonality measure by using feedback information;
means for creating a second orthogonally measure by comparing transmission resources;
means for allocating transmission resources for a user device based on the first orthogonality measure, the second orthogonality measure, and a required transmission quality in such a way that, in addition to orthogonal codes, the non-orthogonal codes are used.
28. A module configured to:
extend available code space by generating non-orthogonal codes;
create a first orthogonality measure by using feedback information;
create a second orthogonality measure by comparing transmission resources;
allocate transmission resources for a user device based on the first orthogonality measure, the second orthogonality measure, and a required transmission quality in such a way that, in addition to orthogonal codes, the non-orthogonal codes are used.
29. A network element configured to:
extend available code space by generating non-orthogonal codes; and
allocate transmission resources for the user device on the basis of a received first orthogonality measure, second orthogonality measure and a required transmission quality in such a way that, in addition to the orthogonal codes, also the non-orthogonal codes are used.
30. A user device configured to:
transmit feedback information including at least one of the following indicators:
A
=
(
w
max
,
h
)
2
(
w
min
,
h
)
2
+
1
,
(
w
,
h
)
=
w
max
,
1
h
_
1
+
w
max
,
2
h
_
2
,
wherein
w max is a feedback code word giving the best Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR),
h(h=(h 1 ,h 2 )) denotes a channel vector containing impulse response vectors h 1 and h 2 corresponding to a first base station antenna and a second base station antenna,
w min is a feedback code word giving the worst SNR,
w max,1 is a first component of vector w max ,
w max,2 is a second component of vector w max ,
h 1 is a complex conjugate of a first channel coefficient,
h 2 is a complex conjugate of a second channel coefficient, and
|x| denotes the absolute value of x,
or
B
=
(
w
max
,
h
)
2
(
w
min
,
h
)
2
,
wherein
w max is the feedback code word giving the best SNR,
h(h=(h 1 ,h 2 )) denotes the channel vector containing the impulse response vectors h 1 and h 2 corresponding to the first base station antenna and the second base station antenna,
w min is the feedback code word giving the worst SNR,
and where w max (maximum) is selected such that
(
w
max
,
h
)
=
max
{
(
w
max
,
h
)
:
w
is a quantized feedback code vector}
and
(
w
min
,
w
max
)
=
0.
31. A user device comprising:
means for transmitting feedback information including at least one of the following indicators:
A
=
(
w
max
,
h
)
2
(
w
min
,
h
)
2
+
1
,
(
w
,
h
)
=
w
max
,
1
h
_
1
+
w
max
,
2
h
_
2
,
wherein
w max is a feedback code word giving the best Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR),
h(h=(h 1 ,h 2 )) denotes a channel vector containing impulse response vectors h 1 and h 2 corresponding to a first base station antenna and a second base station antenna,
w min is a feedback code word giving the worst SNR,
w max,1 is a first component of vector w max ,
w max,2 is a second component of vector w max ,
h 1 is a complex conjugate of a first channel coefficient,
h 2 is a complex conjugate of a second channel coefficient,
|x| denotes the absolute value of x,
or
B
=
(
w
max
,
h
)
2
(
w
min
,
h
)
2
,
wherein
w max is the feedback code word giving the best SNR,
h(h=(h 1 ,h 2 )) denotes the channel vector containing the impulse response vectors h 1 and
h 2 corresponding to the first base station antenna and the second base station antenna,
w min is the feedback code word giving the worst SNR,
and where w max (maximum) is selected such that
(
w
max
,
h
)
=
max
{
(
w
max
,
h
)
:
w
is a quantized feedback code vector} and
(
w
min
,
w
max
)
=
0.