5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside and its nucleobase as potentiators of antifolate transport and metabolism
The present invention provides a method for increasing the efficacy of antifolates which act via inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The method comprises the steps of administration of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (Z) or its base with the antifolate such that the targeted cells are exposed to both the antifolate and Z simultaneously. This results in increased influx of the antifolate. For MTX, accumulation of the more biologically active polyglutamate forms is also potentiated. This potentiation appears to be mediated by an effect on the RFC.
1. A method for potentiating the uptake and efficacy of an antifolate which acts via inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) on the inhibition of growth of cells in an individual, wherein the individual has a condition selected from the group consisting of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a potentiating agent selected from the group consisting of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside or a combination thereof and the antifolate at a concentration at which the antifolate inhibits DHFR such that the cells are simultaneously exposed to the antifolate and the potentiating agent and whereby the uptake of the antifolate into the cells and the efficacy of the antifolate is enhanced.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antifolate is selected from the group consisting of methotrexate; aminopterin; 10-ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin; 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin; gamma-methylene-glutamate 10-deaza-aminopterin; talotrexin; and gamma-methylene-glutamate 5,8,10-trideazaaminopterin.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the antifolate is methotrexate.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the antifolate is aminopterin.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the potentiating agent is administered by a method selected from the group consisting of intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, intratumoral, mucosal, topical and oral.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the potentiating agent is administered intravenously.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the potentiating agent is administered over a period from 1 hour to 36 hours.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the potentiating agent is administered for about 24 hours.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the potentiating agent is administered sequentially or concurrently with the antifolate.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the potentiating agent is administered concurrently with the antifolate.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising administration of a second antifolate to the individual, wherein the second antifolate does not act via inhibition of DHFR.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second antifolate is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, purine synthase or is a multi-target inhibitor.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second antifolate is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second antifolate is an inhibitor of purine synthesis.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second antifolate is pemetrexed.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the individual has acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein accumulation of polyglutamated form of the antifolate is observed in the cells.