Polyurethanes for osteoimplants
Biological-based polyurethanes and methods of making the same. The polyurethanes are formed by reacting a biodegradable polyisocyanate (such as lysine diisocyanate) with an optionally hydroxylated biomolecule to form polyurethane. The polymers formed may be combined with ceramic and/or bone particles to form a composite, which may be used as an osteoimplant.
1. A composite comprising:
a polyurethane polymer matrix; and
particles embedded within the polyurethane polymer matrix,
wherein the polyurethane has a structure that results from a reaction of a polyisocyanate with one or more of a polyol or a polyamine; and the particles comprise a tissue material, an inorganic material, a bone substitute material, or any combination thereof.
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyol or polyamine comprises a biomolecule.
3. The composite of claim 2 , wherein the biomolecule is selected from the group consisting of phospholipids, fatty acids, cholesterols, polysaccharides, lecithin, starches, collagen, and any combination thereof.
4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyol or the polyamine comprises an extracellular matrix material.
5. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyol or the polyamine comprises a bioactive agent.
6. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyol or the polyamine comprises a tissue material.
7. The composite of claim 6 , wherein the tissue material comprises a bone particle.
8. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyol or the polyamine comprises an inorganic material.
9. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyol or the polyamine comprises a bone substitute material.
10. The composite of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the particles are covalently linked with the polyurethane polymer matrix such that they are a chain extender.
11. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the particles comprises a bone particle.
12. The composite of claim 11 , wherein the bone particle comprises an elongated bone fiber.
13. The composite of claim 11 , wherein the bone particle comprises a demineralized bone particle.
14. The composite of claim 13 , wherein the demineralized bone particle are selected from the group consisting of a superficially demineralized bone particle, a partially demineralized bone particle, a fully demineralized bone particle, and any combination thereof
15. The composite of claim 1 , comprising at least 10 weight percent of the particles.
16. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has a wet compressive strength of at least 3 MPa.
17. A method of making a composite, comprising a step of:
reacting a polyisocyanate with one or more of a polyol or a polyamine in the presence of particles to form a polyurethane polymer matrix having the particles embedded therein,
wherein the particles comprise a tissue material, an inorganic material, a bone substitute material, or any combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the particles are modified to increase surface concentration of hydroxyl or amine groups.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the step of reacting comprises steps of:
mixing the polyisocyanate and the polyol or the polyamine to form a prepolymer;
adding the particles to form the polyurethane composite.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein reacting comprises steps of:
mixing the polyol or the polyamine with the particles;
adding the polyisocyanate to form the polyurethane composite.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein reacting comprises a step of:
mixing the polyisocyanate, the polyol or the polyamine and the particles to form the polyurethane composite.