Barrier orifice valve for gas lift
Gas lift valve designs and gas lift systems are described that feature a positive closure mechanism that is highly resistant to significant wear or damage that would result in fluid leakage. A pivotable flapper member is incorporated into a gas lift valve and used as a flow control mechanism. The flapper member provides a positive barrier to fluid flow from the production tubing to the annulus, even after substantial wear or damage.
1. A gas lift valve assembly for selectively controlled flow of fluid from an annulus of a wellbore into a flowbore of production tubing within the wellbore comprising:
a valve body having a fluid flow path with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;
the fluid inlet being in fluid communication with the annulus;
the fluid outlet being in fluid communication with the flowbore; and
a flapper valve member retained within the valve body and moveable in response to pressure changes in the annulus between a closed position wherein fluid flow is blocked through the fluid flow path and an open position wherein fluid flow is permitted through the fluid flow path; and
a gas lift valve disposed within the fluid flow path between the flapper valve member and the annulus so that the flapper valve member will block backflow of fluid to the gas lift valve.
2. The gas lift valve assembly of claim 1 further comprising a flow tube that is axially moveable within the valve body in response to pressure changes within the annulus, the flow tube being operable to move the flapper member toward the open position.
3. The gas lift valve assembly of claim 2 wherein the flow tube defines a bore having an orifice plate fixedly disposed therein.
4. The gas lift valve assembly of claim 1 wherein the valve body is shaped and sized to be removably disposed within a side pocket of a side pocket mandrel.
5. The gas lift valve assembly of claim 1 wherein the valve body is secured to a side fitting on the radial exterior of a gas lift mandrel within a production string.
6. The gas lift valve assembly of claim 1 wherein the flapper valve member is biased toward a closed position by a spring force.
7. The gas lift valve assembly of claim 2 wherein the flow tube is biased toward an unactuated position by a spring force.
8. A gas lift system for enhanced production of hydrocarbons in a wellbore, the system comprising:
a production tubing string defining a flowbore along its length and disposed within the wellbore to define an annulus between the tubing string and the wellbore;
a gas lift mandrel incorporated into the production tubing string;
a first gas lift valve associated with the gas lift mandrel, the gas lift valve having:
a valve body;
a flapper member flow control mechanism within the valve body that is pivotally secured to the valve body for pivoting movement between open and closed positions; and
a second gas lift valve associated with the gas lift mandrel between the flapper member and the annulus so that the flapper valve member will block backflow of fluid to the first gas lift valve.
9. The gas lift system of claim 8 wherein the valve body defines a fluid flow path with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and wherein the fluid inlet is in fluid communication with the annulus and the fluid outlet is in fluid communication with the flowbore.
10. The gas lift system of claim 8 wherein the gas lift mandrel comprises a side pocket mandrel.
11. The gas lift system of claim 8 wherein the gas lift mandrel comprises:
a body portion defining an axial flowbore within;
a side fitting projecting radially outwardly from the body portion for attachment of the gas lift valve.
12. The gas lift system of claim 8 further comprising a second gas lift mandrel incorporated into the production tubing string, the second gas lift mandrel containing a third gas lift valve, the third gas lift valve having:
a valve body; and
a flapper member flow control mechanism within the valve body that is pivotally secured to the valve body for pivoting movement between open and closed positions.
13. The gas lift system of claim 8 wherein the first gas lift valve further comprises a flow tube for operation of the flapper member between its closed and opened positions.
14. The gas lift system of claim 13 wherein the flow tube defines a bore having a flow restriction therein for development of a pressure differential for movement of the flow tube to operate the flapper member.
15. A method of performing a gas lift injection operation in a wellbore containing a production tubing string, the method comprising the steps of:
injecting fluid into an annulus defined between the production tubing string and the wellbore;
flowing the injected fluid into a gas lift valve from the annulus to open a pivoting flapper member within the gas lift valve;
flowing the injected fluid from the gas lift valve into the production tubing string; and
using a second gas lift valve to prevent leakage from the first gas lift valve out into the annulus.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of reducing fluid pressure within the annulus to close the flapper member against fluid flow.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of opening a pivoting flapper member further comprises developing a pressure differential across a flow tube to urge the flow tube against the flapper member.