Monolithic building element with photocatalytic material
A building element may be formed from a first cementitious mixture and a second cementitious mixture containing a photocatalytic cementitious mixture. The first cementitious mixture and the photocatalytic cementitious mixture may be co-formed into a shaped uncured two layer monolith having a base layer of the first cementitious mixture and a top layer of the photocatalytic cementitious mixture. The shaped uncured two layer monolith is then cured. The resulting building element may be algae-resistant.
1. A method of forming a roofing tile or siding element, comprising steps of:
providing a first aqueous cementitious material;
mixing a photocatalytic material into a second aqueous cementitious mixture to create a photocatalytic cementitious mixture;
co-forming the roofing tile or siding element as a shaped uncured two layer monolith comprising a base layer of the first aqueous cementitious material and a top layer of the photocatalytic aqueous cementitious mixture; and
curing the uncured two layer monolith in a kiln drying process, wherein the uncured base layer has a thickness of about 2 to about 3 centimeters and the uncured photocatalytic layer has a thickness of about 2 to 3 millimeters.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein curing the uncured two layer monolith comprises curing the base layer and the top layer simultaneously.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein curing the uncured two layer monolith provides a monolithic building element having a cured base layer, a cured photocatalytic layer and an interface therebetween.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the interface has a cohesive strength that is at least about as high as a cohesive strength of the cured base layer and/or the cured photocatalytic layer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second cementitious mixture has a composition at least substantially identical to that of the first cementitious mixture.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first cementitious mixture is uniformly dispersed throughout the uncured base layer and the uncured photocatalytic layer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the uncured base layer has substantially no photocatalytic material and the uncured photocatalytic layer includes about 10 to about 30 volume percent photocatalytic material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roofing tile or siding building element comprises a roofing tile.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to curing, a step of providing a polymer overcoat onto the uncured photocatalytic layer.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein mixing a photocatalytic material into the second cementitious mixture comprises mixing into the second cementitious mixture a material selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , ZnO, WO 3 , SnO 2 , CaTiO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ti x Zr (1-x) O 2 , SiC, SrTiO 3 , CdS, GaP, InP, GaAs, BaTiO 3 , KNbO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , Bi 2 O 3 , NiO, Cu 2 O, SiO 2 , MoS 2 , InPb, RuO 2 , CeO 2 , Ti(OH) 4 , and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein mixing a photocatalytic material into the second cementitious mixture comprises mixing into the second cementitious mixture a material selected from the group consisting of a doped photocatalytic material, a nanocrystalline photocatalytic material, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step, prior to curing, of applying a polymeric topcoat to the uncured two layer monolith.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a kiln drying step.