Three dimensional random looped structures made from interpolymers of ethylene/α-olefins and uses thereof
Cushioning net structures comprise random loops, such as three-dimensional random loops, bonded with one another, wherein the loops are formed by allowing continuous fibers, made of ethylene/α-olefin interpolymers, to bend to come in contact with one another in a molten state and to be heat-bonded at most contact points. The structures provided herein have desirable heat resistance, durability and cushioning property. The cushioning structures are used in furniture, vehicle seats etc.
1. A cushioning net structure comprising a plurality of random loops, each of the random loop melt-bonded to at least one additional loop, wherein:
the random loops comprise a continuous fiber, and wherein the fiber comprises an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin interpolymer that:
a) has a M w /M n from about 1.7 to about 3.5, at least one melting point, T m , in degrees Celsius, and a density, d, in grams/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of T m and d correspond to the relationship:
T m >2002.9+4538.5( d )−2422.2( d ) 2
(b) has a M w /M n from about 1.7 to about 3.5, and is characterized by a heat of fusion, ΔH in J/g, and a delta quantity, ΔT, in degrees Celsius defined as the temperature difference between the tallest DSC peak and the tallest CRYSTAF peak, wherein the numerical values of ΔT and ΔH have the following relationships:
Δ T>− 0.1299(Δ H )+62.81 for ΔH greater than zero and up to 130 J/g,
ΔT≧48° C. for ΔH greater than 130 J/g,
wherein the CRYSTAF peak is determined using at least 5 percent of the cumulative polymer, and if less than 5 percent of the polymer has an identifiable CRYSTAF peak, then the CRYSTAF temperature is 30° C.; or
(c) is characterized by an elastic recovery, Re, in percent at 300 percent strain and 1 cycle measured with a compression-molded film of the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer, and has a density, d, in grams/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Re and d satisfy the following relationship when the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer is substantially free of a cross-linked phase:
Re> 1481−1629( d ); or
(d) has a molecular fraction which elutes between 40° C. and 130° C. when fractionated using TREF, characterized in that the fraction has a molar comonomer content of at least 5 percent higher than that of a comparable random ethylene interpolymer fraction eluting between the same temperatures, wherein said comparable random ethylene interpolymer has the same comonomer(s) and has a melt index, density, and molar comonomer content (based on the whole polymer) within 10 percent of that of the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer; or
(e) is characterized by a storage modulus at 25° C., G′(25° C.), and a storage modulus at 100° C., G′(100° C.), wherein the ratio of G′(25° C.) to G′(100° C.) is from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
2. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer has a M w /M n from about 1.7 to about 3.5, at least one melting point, T m , in degrees Celsius, and a density, d, in grams/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of T m and d correspond to the relationship:
T m ≧858.91−1825.3( d )+1112.8( d ) 2 .
3. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer has a M w /M n from about 1.7 to about 3.5 and is characterized by a heat of fusion, ΔH in J/g, and a delta quantity, ΔT, in degrees Celsius defined as the temperature difference between the tallest DSC peak and the tallest CRYSTAF peak, wherein the numerical values of ΔT and ΔH have the following relationships:
Δ T>− 0.1299(Δ H )+62.81 for ΔH greater than zero and up to 130 J/g,
ΔT≧48° C. for ΔH greater than 130 J/g,
wherein the CRYSTAF peak is determined using at least 5 percent of the cumulative polymer, and if less than 5 percent of the polymer has an identifiable CRYSTAF peak, then the CRYSTAF temperature is 30° C.
4. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer is characterized by an elastic recovery, Re, in percent at 300 percent strain and 1 cycle measured with a compression-molded film of the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer, and has a density, d, in grams/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Re and d satisfy the following relationship when the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer is substantially free of a cross-linked phase:
Re> 1481−1629( d ).
5. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the numerical values of Re and d satisfy the following relationship:
Re> 1491−1629( d ).
6. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the numerical values of Re and d satisfy the following relationship:
Re> 1501−1629( d ).
7. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the numerical values of Re and d satisfy the following relationship:
Re> 1511−1629( d ).
8. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer has a molecular fraction which elutes between 40° C. and 130° C. when fractionated using TREF, characterized in that the fraction has a molar comonomer content of at least 5 percent higher than that of a comparable random ethylene interpolymer fraction eluting between the same temperatures, wherein said comparable random ethylene interpolymer has the same comonomer(s) and has a melt index, density, and molar comonomer content (based on the whole polymer) within 10 percent of that of the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer.
9. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer is characterized by a storage modulus at 25° C., G′(25° C.), and a storage modulus at 100° C., G′(100° C.), wherein the ratio of G′(25° C.) to G′(100° C.) is from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
10. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the α-olefin is propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene or a combination thereof.
11. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure has a residual strain permanent set at 70° C. of not more than about 35%.
12. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure has an apparent density in a range of about 0.005 g/cm 3 to about 0.30 g/cm 3 .
13. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure has an apparent density in a range of about 0.005 g/cm 3 to about 0.20 g/cm 3 .
14. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the fiber further comprises at least one other polymer.
15. The cushioning net structure of claim 1 , wherein the other polymer is a thermoplastic elastomer, a non-elastic polymer or a combination thereof.
16. A cushioning material comprising the cushioning net structure of claim 1 .