Modified Whey Protein For Low Casein Processed Cheese
A processed cheese and method of forming the processed cheese are provided. The processed cheese generally includes between about 14 to about 16 protein, about 45 to about 50 percent moisture; and a ratio of casein protein to whey protein at least about 60:40. The method of forming the processed cheese includes thermally treating a whey protein at a protein concentration and pH sufficient to form whey protein aggregates, blending the thermally treated whey protein with a milk protein concentrate to form a slurry; and heating the slurry for a time and temperature sufficient to form the processed cheese. In one form, the processed cheese includes about 3 to about 6.3 percent modified whey protein.
1 . A method of forming a processed cheese, the method comprising:
thermally treating whey having a protein concentration from about 4 to about 7.5 percent and a pH from about 6 to about 7.6 to form a modified whey with modified whey protein;
concentrating the modified whey to form a concentrated modified whey;
blending the concentrated modified whey with a milk protein to form a slurry;
heating the slurry for a time and temperature sufficient to form the processed cheese;
wherein the processed cheese comprises between about 14 to about 16 percent protein, the protein including casein protein and whey protein; about 45 to about 50 percent moisture; and a ratio of casein protein to whey protein at least about 60:40; and
wherein the processed cheese further comprises about 3 to about 6.3 percent modified whey protein and has a firmness greater than about 1400 Pa with a generally smooth texture.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the whey is thermally treated at about 180° F. or higher for at least about 3 minutes.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the whey is thermally treated at a pH between about 6.8 and about 7.6.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the processed cheese further comprises about 3 to about 4.5 percent modified whey protein.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the processed cheese further comprises about 5.7 to about 6.3 percent whey protein and about 8.5 to about 9.5 percent casein protein.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the processed cheese has a yield stress between about 1700 Pa and about 5900 Pa.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the processed cheese has a yield stress between about 2600 Pa and about 4400 Pa.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining the whey in a constant state of agitation during thermal treatment.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the whey is sheared during thermal treatment.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the sheared modified whey to less than 100° F.
11 . A processed cheese comprising:
about 14 to about 16 percent protein, the protein including casein protein and total whey protein;
about 45 to about 50 percent moisture;
a ratio of casein protein to total whey protein of at least about 60:40;
about 3 to about 6.3 percent whey protein thermally treated at a protein concentration from about 4 to about 7.5 percent and a pH from about 6 to about 7.6;
a yield stress greater than about 1400 Pa; and
wherein the processed cheese has a generally smooth texture.
12 . The processed cheese of claim 11 , wherein the whey protein is thermally treated at about 180° F. or higher for at least about 3 minutes.
13 . The processed cheese of claim 11 , wherein the whey protein is thermally treated at a pH between about 6.8 and 7.6.
14 . The processed cheese of claim 11 , wherein the processed cheese comprises about 3 to about 4.5 percent thermally treated whey protein.
15 . The processed cheese of claim 11 , further comprising about 5.7 to about 6.3 percent total whey protein and about 8.5 to about 9.5 percent casein protein.
16 . A method of modifying whey comprising:
providing a whey protein concentrate having between about 34 percent and about 50 percent whey protein in the dry matter;
diluting an aqueous solution of the whey protein concentrate to about 4 to about 7.5 percent whey protein to form a dilute whey protein concentrate solution;
adjusting the pH of the dilute whey protein concentrate solution to about 6 to about 7.6; and
thermally treating the pH adjusted dilute whey protein concentrate solution in a constant state of agitation for at least 3 minutes at 180° F. to form a modified whey solution having whey protein aggregates.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the constant state of agitation is continuously flowing the pH adjusted dilute whey protein solution through a liquefier.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the constant state of agitation is subjecting a shear force to the pH adjusted dilute whey protein solution.
19 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising cooling the modified whey solution to less than about 100° F. to form a cooled modified whey solution.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising homogenizing the cooled modified whey solution to form a homogenized modified whey solution.
21 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising spray drying the homogenized modified whey solution to form a dried modified whey solution.
22 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the pH is adjusted to about 6.8 to about 7.6.