Systems and methods for acquiring data in thermal recovery oil wells
In connection with thermal recovery projects, a system determines temperature gradients for a heat affected zone associated with a subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir. An exemplary system includes a plurality of temperature sensors distributed in the wellbore at least partially along the heat affected zone. A downhole processor positioned proximate and substantially outside of the heat affected zone receives and digitizes the temperature measurements. A data link such as a data cable coupled to the downhole processor conveys the temperature measurements to a surface interface.
1. A system for acquiring data from a heat affected zone associated with a thermal recovery hydrocarbon reservoir in a subterranean formation that is intersected by a wellbore, comprising:
a casing cemented in the wellbore;
a primary tubing string in the wellbore;
a coiled tubing string positioned along the primary tubing string;
a locking assembly releasably coupling the primary tubing string to the coiled tubing string, the locking assembly configured to be responsive to a signal transmitted from the surface;
a processor positioned at a selected location along a wellbore that intersects the reservoir, the selected location being substantially outside of the heat affected zone;
a plurality of sensors distributed along the primary tubing string and at least partially along the heat affected zone; and
a data link coupling the processor to a surface interface.
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes at least one sensor positioned inside a wellbore tubular.
3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one sensor positioned inside the primary tubing string indirectly measures a parameter of interest outside of the primary tubing string.
4. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one sensor positioned inside the primary tubing string indirectly measures a parameter of interest outside of the primary tubing string using one of (i) thermal conduction through the primary tubing string, (ii) stress in a wall of the primary tubing string, and (iii) strain in the wall of the primary tubing string.
5. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the primary tubing string has an open end to allow wellbore fluid to enter the primary tubing string.
6. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the primary tubing string includes a substantially sealed end, the primary tubing string including at least one port that allows wellbore fluid to reach the sensors.
7. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the primary tubing string is configured to null the coiled tubing into the wellbore.
8. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the data link transmits data via a transmission media selected from a group consisting of: (i) acoustical signals, (ii) radio frequency signals, (iii) electromagnetic signals, and (iv) pressure pulses.
9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the data link comprises a single cable; and wherein each sensor is coupled to the processor with at least one data carrier.
10. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the plurality of sensors include at least one thermocouple and wherein the at least one data carrier couples the at least one thermocouple to the processor using an arrangement selected from a group consisting of: (i) a simplex wire arrangement, (ii) a duplex wire arrangement, and (iii) a triplex wire arrangement.
11. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the plurality of sensors include at least one fiber optic sensor and the at least one data carrier includes frequency multiplexed optical fiber coupling the at least one fiber optic sensor to the processor.
12. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes one of (i) a thermocouple, and (ii) a fiber optic sensor.
13. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the data link comprises at least one data cable, and wherein each sensor is coupled to the processor with at least one data carrier, wherein there is a fractional relationship between the number of data cables and the number of data carriers.
14. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor processes data using one of: (i) a digitizer, (ii) multiplexor, (iii) signal processor, (iv) a switching device, (v) a relay, (vi) a laser diode, (vii) a laser, (viii) an optical light detector, and (ix) an optical filtering devices.
15. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors include a first set of sensors distributed in the heat affected zone in the wellbore and a second set of sensors positioned outside of the heat affected zone in the wellbore.
16. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising an injector well configured to generate the heat affected zone.
17. A system for determining a temperature gradient for a heat affected zone associated with a thermal recovery hydrocarbon reservoir in a subterranean formation, the reservoir being intersected by a wellbore and being heated by an artificial source,
the system comprising:
a casing cemented in the wellbore;
a primary tubing string in the wellbore;
a coiled tubing string positioned along the primary tubing string;
a locking assembly releasably coupling the primary tubing string to the coiled tubing string, the locking assembly configured to be responsive to a signal transmitted from the surface;
a plurality of temperature sensors distributed along the primary tubing string and at least partially along the heat affected zone, the temperature sensors providing temperature measurements;
a downhole processor positioned outside of the heat affected zone, the processor programmed to receive and digitize the temperature measurements; and
a data cable coupled to the down hole processor, the data cable adapted to convey the temperature measurements to a surface interface.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the primary tubing string includes an open end for receiving a fluid and wherein the plurality of sensors are configured to measure a parameter of interest of the fluid.
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the primary tubing string includes a plurality of ports communicating with the reservoir and wherein the plurality of sensors are configured to measure a parameter of interest via the ports.
20. A method for acquiring data from a heat affected zone associated with a thermal recovery hydrocarbon reservoir in a subterranean formation, comprising:
cementing a casing in a wellbore intersecting the formation;
positioning a primary tubing string in the wellbore;
positioning a coiled tubing string along the primary tubing string; releasably locking assembly the primary tubing string to the coiled tubing string, the locking assembly configured to be responsive to a signal transmitted from the surface;
positioning a processor at a selected location along a wellbore that intersects the reservoir, the selected location being substantially outside of the heat affected zone;
distributing a plurality of sensors along the primary tubing string, the wellbore and at least partially along the heat affected zone;
coupling the processor to a surface interface with a data link; and transmitting a signal to cause the locking assembly to unlock the primary tubing string from the coiled tubing.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes one of (i) a thermocouple, and (ii) a fiber optic sensor.
22. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the data link transmits data via a transmission media selected from a group consisting of: (i) acoustical signals, (ii) radio frequency signals, (iii) electromagnetic signals, and (iv) pressure pulses.
23. The method according to claim 20 , further generating the heat affected zone.