Apparatus and foam electroplating process
An improved apparatus and method of producing metal foam is provided which involves optimizing the natural convection of electrolyte through a foam being electroplated by inclining the foam during plating. A diagonal flow of electrolyte though the foam enhances electrolyte turnover within the foam while increasing electroplating efficiency. Further increases in plating efficiency are provided by shifting current density from higher plating zones to lower plating zones.
1. An apparatus for electroplating foam comprising:
a container,
an anode and
a cathode, wherein
the anode and the cathode are located within the container, the anode including at least one metal for plating the cathode, the cathode including a polymeric foam including an electrically conductive material, wherein a straight portion of a length of the cathode extending substantially adjacent to the anode is oriented at an angle greater than about 1 degree to about 45 degrees relative to vertical inside the container such that a diagonal convection route of the electrolyte through the foam is established during electroplating.
2. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode is a continuous foam strip which is fed into the container, routed past the anode and out of the container by one or more guides.
3. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 1 , further comprising a second anode wherein the foam is positioned between the first and second anodes.
4. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 1 , wherein the anode is oriented substantially vertically within the container.
5. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 1 , wherein the anode and cathode have respective ends where electrical current is applied, and the distance between the cathode and the anode is greater at the ends where electrical current is applied than at opposite ends where current is not applied.
6. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 3 , wherein the anodes and cathode have respective ends where electrical current is applied, and the distance between the cathode and at least one of the anodes is greater at the ends where electrical current is applied than at opposite ends where current is not applied.
7. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 1 , further comprising an electrolyte solution.
8. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte solution contains nickel.
9. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 1 , wherein the anode is a basket containing nickel.
10. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 5 , wherein the anode has a triangular profile.
11. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 6 , wherein the second anode is canted to create the greater distance.
12. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 3 , wherein the first anode is placed at a closer distance to the cathode than the second anode to increase current density at an upper face of the foam relative to a lower face of the foam.
13. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 3 , wherein the second anode is placed at a closer distance to the cathode than the first anode to increase current density at a lower face of the foam relative to an upper face of the foam.
14. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 1 , wherein the anode and cathode have respective ends where electrical current is applied, and a porous non-conducting barrier is positioned between the anode and the cathode for reducing current density between the anode and the cathode.
15. An apparatus for electroplating foam according to claim 14 , wherein the barrier spans less than about 75% of the length of the anode.
16. The apparatus for electroplating foam of claim 1 , wherein the anode and cathode are substantially parallel.
17. The apparatus for electroplating foam of claim 1 , wherein the angle of the cathode results in a substantially laminar flow of the electrolyte across the foam.