Vacuum ultraviolet reflectometer having collimated beam
A spectroscopy system is provided which is optimized for operation in the VUV region and capable of performing well in the DUV-NIR region. The system further provides a controlled environment between the VUV source, sample chamber and VUV detector which acts to limit in a repeatable manner the absorption of VUV photons. The light source is utilized to create a light beam that travels through at least a portion of the environmentally controlled chambers. The light beam may be a collimated light beam at locations where the light beam passes between at least two of the environmentally controlled chambers. A coupling mechanism may be provided that optically couples at least two the environmentally controlled chambers. Collimated light may be provided through the coupling mechanism. Array based detection instrumentation may be exploited to permit the simultaneous collection of larger wavelength regions.
1. A reflectometer which operates at wavelengths that include at least some wavelengths below deep ultra-violet (DUV) wavelengths, the reflectometer comprising:
a plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, the chambers sufficiently controlled to allow transmission of light wavelengths below DUV, at least one of the chambers configured to hold a sample from which reflectance data is desired to be collected;
a light source that creates light including wavelengths below DUV wavelengths, the light being utilized to create at least one light beam in the reflectometer that travels through at least a portion of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, at least a portion of the light beam being a collimated light beam at a location where the light beam passes between at least two of the environmentally controlled chambers; and
a detector that receives the reflectance data, the detector detecting data for wavelengths that include at least wavelengths at or below DUV.
2. The reflectometer of claim 1 , further comprising a first coupling mechanism optically coupling at least two of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, the collimated light beam passing through the coupling mechanism.
3. The reflectometer of claim 2 , further comprising a second coupling mechanism optically coupling at least two of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, light being collimated when it passes through both the first and second coupling mechanisms.
4. The reflectometer of claim 3 , the at least one chamber configured to hold the sample being a sample chamber, the first and second coupling mechanisms being coupled to the sample chamber.
5. The reflectometer of claim 4 , one of the first and second coupling mechanisms transmitting the light beam prior to being reflected to or from the sample and the other of the first and second coupling mechanisms transmitting a second light beam.
6. The reflectometer of claim 2 , wherein the coupling mechanism is an optical window or a gate valve.
7. The reflectometer of claim 1 , further comprising at least one optical element utilized to create the collimated light beam.
8. The reflectometer of claim 7 , wherein the optical element is a reflective optical element.
9. The reflectometer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chamber configured to hold the sample is sample chamber, the reflectometer further comprising at least one focusing optical element in the sample chamber.
10. The reflectometer of claim 9 , wherein the focusing optical element is a reflective focusing optical element.
11. The reflectometer of claim 1 , further comprising at least one reflective focusing optical element that focuses the light beam on the sample.
12. The reflectometer of claim 1 , wherein the detector is an array detector.
13. The reflectometer of claim 12 , wherein the array detector receives multiple spatially separated wavelengths of light to enable reflectance data to be simultaneously obtained for multiple sites within a two-dimensional sample area.
14. The reflectometer of claim 1 , wherein the light beam is a non-polarized light beam.
15. The reflectometer of claim 1 , further comprising a spectrometer that receives at least a portion of the light beam and provides at least a portion of the light beam as a spectrometer output for use by the detector to detect the reflectance data.
16. A method of collecting reflectance data from a sample utilizing a reflectometer, including collecting reflectance data for wavelengths below deep ultra-violet (DUV) wavelengths, the method comprising:
creating light wavelengths including wavelengths below DUV wavelengths, the light being utilized to create at least one light beam in the reflectometer;
transmitting the light beam through a plurality of environmentally controlled chambers;
controlling the environment within the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers to allow transmission of wavelengths below DUV light; and
directing the light beam on a sample to generate reflectance data,
wherein at least a portion of the light beam is a collimated light beam that is transmitted between at least two of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising transmitting the collimated light beam through a first coupling mechanism, the first coupling mechanism optically coupling at least two of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising transmitting collimated light through a second coupling mechanism, the second coupling mechanism optically coupling at least two of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first and second coupling mechanisms are optically coupled to a sample chamber.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first coupling mechanism transmits light being directed to or from the sample and the second coupling mechanism transmits a second light beam.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first and second coupling mechanisms are optically coupled to a sample chamber.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the coupling mechanisms are an optical window or a gate valve.
23. The method of claim 16 , further comprising utilizing an optical element to create the collimated light beam.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the optical element is a reflective optical element.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising transmitting the collimated light beam through the first coupling mechanism and transmitting collimated light of a second light beam through a second coupling mechanism, the first and second coupling mechanisms each optically coupling at least two of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers.
26. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one reflective focusing optical element is utilized to direct the light beam on the sample.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the sample is contained within a sample chamber that is one of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, the light beam being collimated as it either enters or leaves the sample chamber.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the light beam is collimated when it enters and leaves the sample chamber.
29. A reflectometer for obtaining reflectance data from a sample, the reflectometer comprising:
a plurality of environmentally controlled chambers so as to allow transmission of wavelengths below DUV wavelengths;
at least a first coupling mechanism that optically couples two or more of the environmentally controlled chambers; and
a light source that creates a light beam utilized in the reflectometer to obtain reflectance data, the light beam transmitted at least at times through the at least one coupling mechanism, the light beam being collimated at least at the point of transmission through the coupling mechanism.
30. The reflectometer of claim 29 , further comprising a second coupling mechanism optically coupling at least two or more of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, the light being collimated when it passes through both the first and second coupling mechanisms.
31. The reflectometer of claim 30 , the first and second coupling mechanisms being coupled to a sample chamber.
32. The reflectometer of claim 31 , further comprising at least one focusing optical element in the sample chamber.
33. The reflectometer of claim 29 , further comprising at least one optical element utilized to create the collimated light beam.
34. The reflectometer of claim 29 , further comprising at least one reflective focusing optical element that focuses the light beam on the sample.
35. A reflectometer for obtaining reflectance data from a sample, the reflectometer comprising:
a plurality of environmentally controlled chambers;
a first coupling mechanism that optically couples two or more of the environmentally controlled chambers;
a light source that creates a light beam utilized in the reflectometer to obtain reflectance data, the light beam transmitted at least at times through the at least one coupling mechanism, the light beam being collimated at least at the point of transmission through the coupling mechanism; and
a second coupling mechanism optically coupling at least two or more of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, the light being collimated when it passes through both the first and second coupling mechanisms, the first and second coupling mechanisms being coupled to a sample chamber.
36. The reflectometer of claim 35 , further comprising at least one focusing optical element in the sample chamber.
37. The reflectometer of claim 35 , further comprising at least one optical element utilized to create the collimated light beam.
38. The reflectometer of claim 35 , further comprising at least one reflective focusing optical element that focuses the light beam on the sample.
39. A reflectometer for obtaining reflectance data from a sample, the reflectometer comprising:
a plurality of environmentally controlled chambers;
at least a first coupling mechanism that optically couples two or more of the environmentally controlled chambers; and
a light source that creates a light beam utilized in the reflectometer to obtain reflectance data, the light beam transmitted at least at times through the at least one coupling mechanism, the light beam being collimated at least at the point of transmission through the coupling mechanism,
wherein at least one of the environmentally controlled chambers is a sample chamber that contains at least one focusing optical element.
40. The reflectometer of claim 39 , further comprising a second coupling mechanism optically coupling at least two or more of the plurality of environmentally controlled chambers, the light being collimated when it passes through both the first and second coupling mechanisms.
41. The reflectometer of claim 40 , the first and second coupling mechanisms being coupled to a sample chamber.
42. The reflectometer of claim 39 , further comprising at least one optical element utilized to create the collimated light beam.
43. The reflectometer of claim 39 , further comprising at least one reflective focusing optical element that focuses the light beam on the sample.