Clickphosphines for transition metal-catalyzed reactions
Phosphine triazole ligand compounds, prepared through click chemistry, complex with transition metals to form transition metal-phosphine triazole ligand complexes. These complexes are useful catalysts in coupling reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, Stille coupling, Negishi coupling, Sonagashira coupling, carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions (C—O and C—N), alpha alkylation of carbonyls, Heck coupling reactions, and hydrogenation reactions.
1. A phosphine compound selected from the group consisting of one of the following compounds:
wherein where X is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, ferrocene, silane, hetereoaromatic group, or a substituted alkyl, substituted cylcoalkyl, or substituted aryl moiety having at least one stereogenic center; Y is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, ferrocene, silane, hetereoaromatic group or a halide such as I, Br, or Cl; and R is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl group.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R is a t-butyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, or phenyl group.
3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphine compound comprises structure (I) and wherein X is a phenyl group; Y is a methoxymethylene, phenyl, substituted phenyl or 1-napthylene group; and R is a phenyl, cyclohexyl or t-butyl group.
4. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein the substituted phenyl group is 2-methoxy phenyl, 2,6-dimethyl or 1-napthylene group.
5. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a phenyl group and R is a cyclohexyl group.
6. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a phenyl group and R is a t-butyl group.
7. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a 1-napthyl group and R is a cyclohexyl group.
8. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a 1-napthyl group and R is a t-butyl group.
9. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a 2-methoxy phenyl group and R is a cyclohexyl group.
10. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a 2-methoxy phenyl group and R is a t-butyl group.
11. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a 2,6-dimethoxy phenyl group and R is a cyclohexyl group.
12. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a 2,6-dimethoxy phenyl group and R is a t-butyl group.
13. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y is a 2,-dimethylamine phenyl group and R is a t-butyl group.
14. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphine compound comprises structure (II) and R is a phenyl, cyclohexyl or t-butyl group.
15. The compound according to claim 14 , wherein X is hydrogen or a methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, phenylethyl, tosyl or 1-naphthyl group and Y is hydrogen, methoxymethylene, phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 2-dimethylaminophenyl or 1 naphthyl group.
16. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises one of the following structures:
17. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises one of the following structures:
18. A racemic bisphosphine and its enantiomer having the following structural formula:
wherein X′ is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, ferrocene, silane, hetereoaromatic group, or a substituted alkyl, substituted cylcoalkyl, or substituted aryl moiety having at least one stereogenic center; and R is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl group.