Heterocyclic fused imidazolone, dioxolone, imidazolethione and dioxolethione monomers
A method of making a compound of the formula shown below is disclosed: wherein Z is Se or S; Y is NH or O; X is O or S and W and W′ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —C═ONH 2 , —C═ONHR′, —C═ONR′R′, —C≡N, and R′ is C 1-6 alkyl and the resultant monomer compounds. The method includes contacting a 3,4-disubstituted thiophene or selenophene or disubstituted thiophene or selenophene derivatives with a carbonyl or thiocarbonyl containing compound selected from the group consisting of ureas, thioureas, carbonate esters, thionocarbonates, thiocarbonate esters, or orthocarbonates. The monomer compounds are suitable for forming polymers for use in a wide range of electronic applications.
1 . A method for making a monomer for forming an electrically conductive polymer comprising:
providing a first reactant comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 3,4-diaminothiophene, 3,4-dihydroxythiophene, 3,4-diaminoselenophene, 3,4-dihydroxyselenophene, derivatives of 3,4-diaminothiophene, derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxythiophene, derivatives of 3,4-diaminoselenophene, derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyselenophene, and combinations thereof;
providing a second reactant comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a urea containing compound, a carbonate ester containing compound, an orthoester containing compound, a thiourea containing compound, a thionocarbonate containing compound and combinations thereof;
contacting the first reactant compound and second reactant compound to form a reaction mixture;
heating the reaction mixture to a temperature sufficient to produce a monomer comprising the following formula:
wherein Z comprises Se or S; Y comprises NH or O; X comprises O or S and W and W′ comprise at least one member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —CO 2 R′, —C═ONR′R′, and —C≡N; and R′ is H or C 1-6 alkyl.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second reactant compound comprises at least one urea compound selected from the group consisting of carbonyldiimidazole, carbonyldi(1,2,4-triazole) and combinations thereof.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second reactant compound comprises at least one carbonate ester compound selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and combinations thereof.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second reactant compound comprises at least one orthocarbonate compound selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl orthocarbonate, tetraethyl orthocarbonate, tetrapropyl orthocarbonate and combinations thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second reactant compound comprises at least one thiourea containing compound is selected from the group consisting of thiourea, N,N′-dimethylthiourea, 1,1′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole, and combinations thereof.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second reactant compound comprises at least one thionocarbonate containing compound selected from the group consisting of di-2-pyridiyl thionocarbonate, di-4-pyridyl thionocarbonate and combinations thereof.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating step includes heating to a temperature from about 80° C. and about 175° C.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the heating step includes heating to a temperature from about 90° C. and about 125° C.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is performed in the presence of at least one solvent.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the solvent comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a precursor of the first reactant compound and a base material to convert the first reactant compound precursor into the first reactant compound.
12 . The method claim 11 , wherein the first reactant compound precursor comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of 3,4-diaminothiophene dihydrochloride or 3,4-diaminoselenophene dihydrochloride.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the base material comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, pyridine, 2-(dimethylamino)pyridine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, polymer-bound 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and combinations thereof.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises a step of replacing one or more of the W group and W′ group with hydrogen after the heating step.
15 . A monomer compound comprising the following formula:
wherein Y comprises NH or O; and X comprises O or S.
16 . The monomer of claim 14 , wherein the monomer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1H-selenolo[3,4-d]imidazol-2(3H)-one, selenolo[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1H-selenolo[3,4-d]imidazol-2(3H)-thione, and selenolo[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxolan-2-thione.
17 . A monomer compound comprising the following formula:
wherein X is S or O.
18 . The monomer of claim 14 , wherein the monomer comprises thieno[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or thieno[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxolan-2-thione.
19 . A composition comprising at least one monomer of claim 18 and at least one catalyst.
20 . A monomer compound derivative comprising the following formula:
wherein Z comprises S or Se; Y comprises NH or O; X comprises O or S; W and W′ comprises at least one member independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, MgCl, MgBr, MgI, ZnCl, ZnBr, ZnI, Sn(R′) 3 , boronic acid, boronic ester, —CH═CHR″, —OC 1-6 alkyl, —COOC 1-6 alkyl, —S—COR′″, —COR′″, —C≡CH and polymerizable aromatic groups; R′ is C 1-6 alkyl or —OC 1-6 alkyl; and R″ and R′″ are H or C 1-6 alkyl.
21 . The monomer compound derivative according to claim 20 , wherein the polymerizable aromatic groups comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthalene, pyrrole, dithiophene, thienothiophene, and thiophene.