Apparatus for refueling on-board metal hydride hydrogen storage tank
An onboard hydrogen storage unit for a hydrogen powered vehicle including one or more hydrogen storage vessels at least partially filled with a hydrogen storage material which stores hydrogen in metal hydride form. During operation of the hydrogen powered vehicle heat is provided to the hydrogen storage material within the one or more hydrogen storage vessels to aid in desorption of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage material. During hydrogen refueling, heat of hydride formation is removed from the hydrogen storage material within the one or more hydrogen storage vessels to aid in absorption of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage material. The heat of hydride formation is removed from the one or more hydrogen storage vessels via a heat transfer fluid circulated and/or cooled by a stream of compressed air.
1. A hydrogen storage unit comprising:
one or more hydrogen storage vessels;
a gas inlet for receiving a stream of compressed gas during charging of said one or more hydrogen storage vessels;
a gas outlet for expelling said stream of compressed gas during charging of said one or more hydrogen storage vessels;
a hydrogen storage material disposed in one or more of said hydrogen storage vessels;
a primary heat transfer loop including a primary heat transfer fluid in thermal communication with said hydrogen storage material, said primary heat transfer low removing heat from said hydrogen storage material during charging of said hydrogen storage material;
one or more gas driven pumps, said one or more air driven pumps being supplied with said stream of compressed gas and circulating said primary heat transfer fluid through said primary heat transfer loop during charging of said hydrogen storage material; and
a secondary heat transfer loop including a secondary heat transfer fluid in thermal communication with said primary heat transfer loop and said hydrogen storage material,
said primary heat transfer loop being in thermal communication with said hydrogen storage material via said secondary heat transfer loop,
said secondary heat transfer fluid being circulated through said secondary heat transfer loop by said one or more air driven pumps during charging of said hydrogen storage material.
2. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 1 further comprising a radiator in thermal communication with said primary heat transfer loop, said radiator cooling said primary heat transfer loop during charging of said hydrogen storage material.
3. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 2 , wherein said radiator is cooled during charging of said hydrogen storage material by one or more of:
1) blowing a portion of said stream of compressed gas across said radiator,
2) blowing the compressed gas exhaust from said one or more gas driven pumps across said radiator,
3) utilizing the compressed gas exhaust from said one or more gas driven pumps to drive a gas driven fan which blows air across said radiator,
4) utilizing a portion of said stream of compressed gas to drive a gas driven fan which blows air across said radiator, and
5) blowing the compressed gas exhaust from said gas driven fan across said radiator.
4. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 1 , wherein said primary heat transfer loop supplies heat to said hydrogen storage material during discharge of hydrogen from said hydrogen storage material.
5. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 4 , wherein during discharge of said hydrogen storage material, said primary heat transfer loop removes heat from a hydrogen consuming application and supplies the heat removed from said hydrogen consuming application to said hydrogen storage material.
6. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 1 , wherein said primary heat transfer loop and said secondary heat transfer loop are in thermal communication via a heat exchanger.
7. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 1 , wherein during discharge of said hydrogen storage material, said primary heat transfer loop removes heat from a hydrogen consuming application and supplies the heat removed from said hydrogen consuming application to said secondary heat transfer loop.
8. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 1 , wherein during charging of said hydrogen storage material, said secondary heat transfer loop removes heat from said hydrogen storage material and said primary heat transfer loop removes the heat said secondary heat transfer loop.
9. The hydrogen storage unit according to claim 1 , wherein said gas inlet is a fast coupling connector.