Thermally enhanced piezoelectric element
A system and method for removing unwanted heat generated by a piezoelectric element of an ultrasound transducer. Some implementations have high thermal conductivity (HTC) material placed adjacent to the piezoelectric element. The HTC material can be thermally coupled to one or more heat sinks. Use of HTC material in conjunction with these piezoelectric element surfaces is managed to avoid degradation of propagating acoustic energy. Use of the HTC material in conjunction with heat sinks allows for creation of thermal paths away from the piezoelectric element. Active cooling of the heat sinks with water or air can further draw heat from the piezoelectric element. Further implementations form a composite matrix of thermally conductive material or interleave thermally conductive layers with piezoelectric material.
1. For a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer configured to transmit ultrasound having at least a first frequency of at least 100 KHz along a first dimension toward a front medium, a piezoelectric element comprising:
a first plurality of piezoelectric layers, each piezoelectric layer configured to produce the ultrasound;
a second plurality of piezoelectric layers each piezoelectric layer configured to produce the ultrasound;
a first plurality of high thermal conductivity (HTC) layers, each HTC layer having a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mC;
a second plurality of HTC layers, each HTC layer having a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mC,
the first plurality of piezoelectric layers in alternating juxtaposition with the first plurality of HTC layers along the first dimension such that each piezoelectric layer of the first plurality is adjacent to at least a different one of the first plurality of HTC layers,
the second plurality of piezoelectric layers being positioned in alternating juxtaposition with the second plurality of HTC layers along the first dimension such that each piezoelectric layer of the second plurality is adjacent to at least a different one of the second plurality of HTC layers;
a first HTC side member having a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mC, the first HTC side member extending along the first dimension;
a second HTC side member having a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mC, the second HTC member extending along the first dimension; and
an internal HTC member having a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mC, the internal HTC member extending along the first dimension, the internal HTC member being positioned between the first HTC side member and the second HTC side member,
the first plurality of HTC layers thermally coupled to and extending from the first HTC side member toward the internal HTC member, the first plurality of piezoelectric layers coupled to and extending from the first HTC side member toward the internal HTC member, and
the second plurality of HTC layers thermally coupled to and extending from the second HTC side member toward the internal HTC member, the second plurality of piezoelectric layers coupled to and extending from the second HTC side member toward the internal HTC member.
2. The piezoelectric element of claim 1 wherein the first plurality of HTC layers are thermally coupled to the internal HTC member and wherein the first plurality of piezoelectric layers are coupled to the internal HTC member.
3. The piezoelectric element of claim 2 wherein the second plurality of HTC layers are thermally coupled to the internal HTC member and wherein the second plurality of piezoelectric layers are coupled to the internal HTC member.
4. For the HIFU transducer having a housing including a first side portion and a second side portion, the piezoelectric element of claim 1 wherein the first HTC side member is thermally coupled to the first side portion of the housing and the second HTC side member is thermally coupled to the second side portion of the housing.
5. The piezoelectric element of claim 1 wherein the plurality of HTC layers have a thermal conductivity equal to the thermal conductivity of one of the following materials: gold, pure synthetic diamond, silver, bronze, and aluminum.