Method of reducing NO
This invention relates to a method to further enhance NO x reduction in rotary preheater mineral kilns by coupling the temperature control and gas composition uniformity afforded by the high temperature mixing with the use of chemical reducing agents. The chemical reducing agent or agents, generally chosen from ammonia or ammonia precursors, are introduced at a specific point in the rotary preheater kiln which has as an optimal temperature window to achieve the greatest reduction of NO x emissions.
1. A method of reducing NOx emissions in a rotary preheater limestone kiln having a feed zone, a preheat zone, a calcining zone and a cooling and discharge zone, the method comprising the steps of:
feeding a supply of limestone to the feed zone;
moving the limestone through the preheat zone having a preheat temperature range, to an upper end of the calcining zone where the limestone is heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the limestone to quicklime;
introducing a source of ammonia or an ammonia precursor at a point where the temperature in the kiln is within an optimum temperature range to obtain maximum NO x reduction with minimum NH 3 slip;
injecting turbulent air at preselected point or points downstream of the preheat zone to reduce stratification of kiln gases and improve the energy efficiency of the kiln;
passing the calcined limestone from the calcining zone to the cooling and discharge zone and discharging the resulting quicklime from the kiln.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of ammonia or ammonia precursor is selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonia and cyanuric acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined optimum temperature point is a point between the preheat zone and a primary region of the calcining zone where the combustion gases from the calcining zone go into the preheater zone to heat up the limestone feed, the predetermined optimum temperature at that point being in the range from about 1600 to 2200° F.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the calcining zone has a calcining temperature in the range from about 2200 to 2500° F. and wherein preheat gases are introduced into the preheat zone at a temperature range from about 450 to 550° F.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the ammonia or ammonia precursor is a dry powder which is blown into the kiln through ductwork.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the ammonia or ammonia precursor is liquid solution which is introduced through a nozzle into the kiln.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the kiln includes an inclined rotary vessel having an upper end and lower end, a preheating assembly positioned proximate to the upper end of the rotary vessel and a burner positioned proximate to a combustion air inlet at the lower end of the rotary vessel.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of moving the limestone through calcining zone liberates CO 2 from the limestone to convert the limestone to quicklime.
9. A method of reducing NOx emissions in a rotary preheater limestone kiln having a feed zone, a preheat zone, a calcining zone and a cooling and discharge zone, the method comprising the steps of:
feeding a supply of limestone to the feed zone;
moving the limestone through the preheat zone having a preheat temperature range resulting from the circulation of hot gases from the calcining zone to the preheat zone, the preheated limestone being passed to an upper end of the calcining zone where the limestone is heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the limestone to quicklime;
introducing a source of ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the limestone upstream of the primary region of the calcining zone at a point where the kiln temperature is generally in the preheat temperature range from about 1600 to 2200° F;
injecting turbulent air at preselected point or points downstream of the preheat zone to reduce stratification of kiln gases and improve the energy efficiency of the kiln;
passing the calcined limestone from the calcining zone to the cooling and discharge zone and discharging the resulting quicklime from the kiln.