Method for cutting fullerene nanotubes
This invention relates generally to cutting fullerene nanotubes. In one embodiment, the present invention provides for preparation of homogeneous populations of short fullerene nanotubes by cutting and annealing (reclosing) the nanotube pieces followed by fractionation. The cutting and annealing processes may be carried out on a purified nanotube bucky paper, on felts prior to purification of nanotubes or on any material that contains fullerene nanotubes. In one embodiment, oxidative etching with concentrated nitric acid is employed to cut fullerene nanotubes into shorter lengths. The annealed nanotubes may be disbursed in an aqueous detergent solution or an organic solvent for the fractionation. Closed tubes can also be derivatized to facilitate fractionation, for example, by adding solubilizing moieties to the end caps.
1. A method for producing fullerene nanotubes, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a fullerene nanotube-containing material;
(b) cutting the fullerene nanotube containing-material to form a mixture of fullerene nanotubes having lengths in the range of about 5 to 500 nm; and
(c) fractionating said mixture of fullerene nanotubes to form a fraction of said fullerene nanotubes having substantially equal lengths.
2. A method for producing fullerene nanotubes, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a fullerene nanotube-containing material;
(b) cutting fullerene nanotube containing-material to form a mixture of fullerene nanotubes having lengths in the range of about 5 to 500 nm, wherein said cutting fullerene nanotubes comprises refluxing fullerene nanotube material in concentrated HNO 3 .
3. A method for producing fullerene nanotubes, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a fullerene nanotube-containing material;
(b) cutting fullerene nanotube containing-material to form a mixture of fullerene nanotubes having lengths in the range of about 5 to 500 nm, and;
(c) reacting said fullerene nanotubes with a material which provides at the reaction conditions at least one substituent on at least one of said ends of said fullerene nanotube.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said substituent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; acyl; aryl; aralkyl; halogen; substituted thiol; unsubstituted thiol; substituted amino; unsubstituted amino; hydroxy; and OR′, wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, acyl, aryl, aralkyl, substituted thiol, unsubstituted thiol, substituted amino, unsubstituted amino, a linear carbon chain, and a cyclic carbon chain.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the linear carbon chain, the cyclic carbon chain, or both, are interrupted by at least one heteroatoms.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the linear carbon chain, the cyclic carbon chain, or both, are substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of at least one ═O, ═S, hydroxy, aminoalkyl, amino and a peptide of 2-8 amino acids.
7. A method for producing substantially un-tangled fullerene nanotubes comprising:
(a) providing tangled fullerene nanotubes;
(b) forming a suspension of the tangled fullerene nanotubes in a liquid medium, wherein the liquid medium comprises a solution selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solution, a solution comprising sodium dodecyl sulfate, a solution comprising non-ionic surfactant and combinations thereof;
(c) cutting at least a portion of the fullerene nanotubes to untangle at least some of the fullerene nanotubes; and
(d) recovering material comprising fullerene nanotubes untangled by the cutting step.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the tangled fullerene nanotubes comprise ropes of fullerene nanotubes.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the cutting step comprises sonication and wherein at least one of the ropes is cut.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the suspension is a stable colloidal suspension.