Tetrahydro-cyclopentyl pyrazole cannabinoid modulators

1. A compound of formula (I):

or a salt thereof wherein

the dashed lines between positions 2-3 and positions 3a-6a in formula (I) represent locations for each of two double bonds present when X 1 R 1 is present;

the dashed lines between positions 3-3a and positions 6a-1 in formula (I) represent locations for each of two double bonds present when X 2 R 2 is present;

the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 in formula (I) represents the location for a double bond;

X 1 is absent or lower alkylene;

X 2 is absent or lower alkylene;

wherein only one of X 1 R 1 and X 2 R 2 are present;

X 3 is absent or lower alkylene, lower alkylidene or —NH—;

when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is absent, X 4 is absent or lower alkylene;

when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is present, X 4 is absent;

R 1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is each optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), hydroxy or alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy);

R 2 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is each optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), hydroxy or alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy);

R 3 is —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 ), —SO 2 —NR 6 —Z 2 (R 7 ) or —C(O)—NR 8 —Z 3 (R 9 );

when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is absent, X 4 is absent or lower alkylene and R 4 is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, halogen, aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is each optionally substituted at one or more positions with hydroxy, oxo, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy) or halogen;

when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is present, X 4 is absent, and R 4 is CH-aryl or CH-heterocyclyl, wherein aryl or heterocyclyl is each optionally substituted at one or more positions with hydroxy, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy) or halogen and R 3 is not —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 );

R 5 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, aminoalkyl, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy), carboxy, carbonylalkoxy, carbamoyl, carbamoylalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy or heterocyclyl;

R 6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;

R 7 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, aminoalkyl, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy), carboxy, carbonylalkoxy, carbamoyl, carbamoylalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy or heterocyclyl;

R 8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;

R 9 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, aminoalkyl, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy), carboxy, carbonylalkoxy, carbamoyl, carbamoylalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy or heterocyclyl;

Z 1 and Z 2 is each absent or alkyl; and,

Z 3 is absent, —NH—, —SO 2 — or alkyl (wherein alkyl is optionally further substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy or carbonylalkoxy).

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 is absent or lower alkylene and R 1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is each optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), hydroxy or alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy).

3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 is absent and R 1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy) or aryl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), hydroxy or alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy).

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 is absent and R 1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen.

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; Z 1 is absent or alkyl; and, R 5 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, aminoalkyl, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), alkoxy (optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen or hydroxy), carboxy, carbonylalkoxy, carbamoyl, carbamoylalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy or heterocyclyl.

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —C(O)—R 5 ; X 3 is absent; and, R 5 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with aryl.

7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —SO 2 —NR 6 —Z 2 (R 7 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; R 6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; Z 2 is absent or lower alkyl; and, R 7 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl.

8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —SO 2 —NH—Z 2 (R 7 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; Z 2 is absent or lower alkyl; and, R 7 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl.

9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —C(O)—NR 8 —Z 3 (R 9 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; R 8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; Z 3 is absent or alkyl (wherein alkyl is optionally further substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or carbonylalkoxy); and, R 9 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, halogen, alkyl (optionally substituted at one or more positions with optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or lower alkoxy), alkoxy or carbonylalkoxy.

10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —C(O)—NH—Z 3 (R 9 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; Z 3 is absent or alkyl (wherein alkyl is optionally further substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or carbonylalkoxy); and, R 9 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or carbonylalkoxy.

11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —C(O)—NH—Z 3 (R 9 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; Z 3 is absent or alkyl (wherein alkyl is optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or carbonylalkoxy); and, R 9 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy or halogen.

12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —C(O)—NH—Z 3 (R 9 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; Z 3 is absent or alkyl (wherein alkyl is optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or carbonylalkoxy); and, R 9 is C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, alkyl, alkoxy or carbonylalkoxy.

13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —C(O)—NH—Z 3 (R 9 ); X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; Z 3 is absent or alkyl (wherein alkyl is optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or carbonylalkoxy); and, R 9 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more carbonylalkoxy.

14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is absent, X 4 is absent or lower alkylene and R 4 is aryl optionally substituted on aryl at one or more positions with halogen.

15. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is absent, X 4 is absent or lower alkylene and R 4 is aryl optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen.

16. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is present, X 4 is absent and R 4 is CH-aryl or CH-heterocyclyl, wherein aryl or heterocyclyl is each optionally substituted at one or more positions with hydroxy, oxo, alkyl, alkoxy or halogen and R 3 is not —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 ).

17. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is present, X 4 is absent and R 4 is CH-aryl or CH-heterocyclyl, wherein aryl or heterocyclyl is each optionally substituted at one or more positions with alkoxy or halogen and R 3 is not —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 ).

18. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is present, X 4 is absent and R 4 is CH-aryl optionally substituted on aryl at one or more positions with alkoxy or halogen and R 3 is not —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 ).

19. A compound of formula (Ia):

or a salt thereof wherein X 1 is absent; X 3 is absent or lower alkylidene; when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is absent, X 4 is absent or lower alkylene; when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is present, X 4 is absent; R 1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl or aryl wherein aryl is optionally substituted at one or more positions with halogen; R 3 is —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 ), —SO 2 —NR 6 —Z 2 (R 7 ) or —C(O)—NR 8 —Z 3 (R 9 ); when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is absent, X 4 is absent or lower alkylene and R 4 is aryl optionally substituted on aryl at one or more positions with halogen; when the dashed line between position 6 and X 4 R 4 is present, X 4 is absent and R 4 is CH-aryl optionally substituted on aryl at one or more positions with alkoxy or halogen and R 3 is not —C(O)—Z 1 (R 5 ); R 5 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with aryl; R 6 is hydrogen; R 7 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl; R 8 is hydrogen; R 9 is aryl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or carbonylalkoxy; Z 1 and Z 2 is each absent or lower alkyl; and, Z 3 is absent or alkyl (wherein alkyl is optionally further substituted at one or more positions with halogen, hydroxy or carbonylalkoxy).

20. A compound selected from:

(2E)-2-[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazol-3-yl]-ethenesulfonic acid [(1S)-1-phenyl-ethyl]-amide,

(2E)-2-[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazol-3-yl]-ethenesulfonic acid [(1R)-1-cyclohexyl-ethyl]-amide,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [(2S)-1,3,3-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-amide,

(2E)-2-[6-(3-chloro-benzyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazol-3-yl]-ethenesulfonic acid [(1R)-1-cyclohexyl-ethyl]-amide,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [(1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-indan-1-yl]-amide,

(2S,3R)-3-{[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

(2R)-2-{[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester

(2R)-2-{[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid benzylamide,

[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazol-3-yl]-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [(1S)-1-phenyl-ethyl]-amide,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [(1R)-1-phenyl-ethyl]-amide,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [(1S)-1-cyclohexyl-ethyl]-amide,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [(1R)-1-cyclohexyl-ethyl]-amide,

1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-6-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid morpholin-4-ylamide, or

(6E)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-6-(4-fluoro-benzylidene)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide.