Valve apparatus for an internal combustion engine

1. A processor-readable medium storing code representing instructions to cause a processor to perform a process, the code comprising code to:

open a valve associated with a cylinder when an internal combustion engine is in a first configuration corresponding to a first rotational position of a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine to allow a first gas to flow from a gas manifold into the cylinder;

close the valve associated with the cylinder when the internal combustion engine is in a second configuration to fluidically isolate the cylinder from the gas manifold, the second corresponding to a second rotational position of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the second rotational position being different than the first rotational position;

open the valve associated with the cylinder when the internal combustion engine is in a third configuration to allow a second gas contained with the cylinder to flow from the cylinder into the gas manifold, the third configuration corresponding to a third rotational position of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the third rotational position being different from the first rotational position and the second rotational position; and

close the valve associated with the cylinder when the internal combustion engine is in a fourth configuration to fluidically isolate the cylinder from the gas manifold, the fourth configuration corresponding to a fourth rotational position of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the fourth rotational position being different than the first rotational position, the second rotational position and the third rotational position, the first configuration, the second configuration, the third configuration and the fourth configuration each occurring within one combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine.

2. The processor readable medium of claim 1 , wherein:

the valve is an intake valve; and

the gas manifold is an intake manifold.

3. The processor readable medium of claim 1 , wherein:

the valve is an exhaust valve; and

the gas manifold is an exhaust manifold.

4. The processor readable medium of claim 1 , wherein:

the valve is an intake valve;

the gas manifold is an intake manifold;

the first gas is air or a mixture of air and fuel; and

the second gas includes exhaust gas.

5. The processor readable medium of claim 1 , wherein:

the valve is an intake valve;

the gas manifold is an intake manifold;

the first gas is air having a first pressure; and

the second gas is the air having a second pressure higher than the first pressure.

6. The processor readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the valve is an intake valve, the processor readable medium further comprising code to maintain an exhaust valve associated with the cylinder in a closed position throughout an engine cycle.

7. The processor readable medium of claim 1 , wherein:

the valve is an exhaust valve;

the gas manifold is an exhaust manifold;

the first gas includes a first exhaust gas, the first exhaust gas resident in the exhaust manifold; and

the second gas includes a second exhaust gas, the second exhaust gas produced by combustion within the cylinder.

8. The processor readable medium of claim 1 , the code further comprising code to:

open the valve associated with the cylinder when the internal combustion engine is in the first configuration by moving the valve a first distance; and

open the valve associated with the cylinder when the internal combustion engine is in the third configuration by moving the valve a second distance, the second distance different than the first distance.

9. A processor-readable medium storing code representing instructions to cause a processor to perform a process, the code comprising code to:

open an intake valve associated with a cylinder of an internal combustion engine when a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a first rotational position to allow a gas to flow from an intake manifold into the cylinder;

inject a fuel into the gas to form a mixture of the gas and the fuel;

close the intake valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a second rotational position to fluidically isolate the cylinder from the intake manifold, the second rotational position being different from the first rotational position;

open an exhaust valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a third rotational position to allow a first portion of a combusted mixture to flow from the cylinder into an exhaust manifold, the third rotational position being different from the first rotational position and the second rotational position;

open the intake valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a fourth rotational position to allow a second portion of the combusted mixture to flow from the cylinder into the intake manifold, the fourth rotational position being different from the first rotational position and the second rotational position;

close the intake valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a fifth rotational position, the fifth rotational position being different from the first rotational position, the second rotational position and the fourth rotational position; and

close the exhaust valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a sixth rotational position, the sixth rotational position being different from the first rotational position, the second rotational position, and the third rotational position.

10. The processor readable medium of claim 9 , further comprising code to ignite the mixture of the gas and the fuel.

11. The processor readable medium of claim 9 , further comprising code to select the fourth rotational position and the fifth rotational position such the second portion of the combusted mixture can be controlled to a predetermined amount.

12. The processor readable medium of claim 9 , further comprising code to open partially the intake valve when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in the fourth rotational position.

13. The processor readable medium of claim 9 , wherein the fourth rotational position is between the third rotational position and the sixth rotational position.

14. The processor readable medium of claim 9 , wherein an angular difference between the fifth rotational position and the fourth rotational position is different than an angular difference between the sixth rotational position and the third rotational position.

15. The processor readable medium of claim 9 , wherein the fourth rotational position is approximately 190 degrees after top dead center.

16. The processor readable medium of claim 9 , wherein the first rotational position, the second rotational position, the third rotational position, the fourth rotational position, the fifth rotational position and the sixth rotational position each occur within one combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine.

17. A processor-readable medium storing code representing instructions to cause a processor to perform a process, the code comprising code to:

open an intake valve associated with a cylinder of an internal combustion engine when a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a first rotational position to allow a first gas to flow from an intake manifold into the cylinder;

open an exhaust valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a second rotational position to allow a second gas to flow from an exhaust manifold into the cylinder, the second gas including combustion products;

close the exhaust valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a third rotational position to fluidically isolate the cylinder from the exhaust manifold, the third rotational position being different from the first rotational position;

close the intake valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a fourth rotational position to fluidically isolate the cylinder from the intake manifold, the fourth rotational position being different from the first rotational position;

open an exhaust valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a fifth rotational position to allow a portion of a combusted mixture to flow from the cylinder into an exhaust manifold, the fifth rotational position being different from the first rotational position, the second rotational position, the third rotational position and the fourth rotational position; and

close the exhaust valve associated with the cylinder when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a sixth rotational position, the sixth rotational position engine being different from the second rotational position, the third rotational position, the fourth rotational position and the fifth rotational position.

18. The processor readable medium of claim 17 , further comprising code to select the second rotational position and the third rotational position such that an amount of the second gas that flows from the exhaust manifold into the cylinder is controlled.

19. The processor readable medium of claim 17 , further comprising code to open partially the exhaust valve when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in the second rotational position.

20. The processor readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the first rotational position, the second rotational position, the third rotational position, the fourth rotational position, the fifth rotational position and the sixth rotational position each occur within one combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine.

21. An internal combustion engine, comprising:

an engine block defining a cylinder therein;

a cylinder head having an electronically actuated valve member, the electronically actuated valve member configured to control a flow of gas between the cylinder and a gas manifold; and

a controller in communication with the electronically actuated valve, the controller configured to:

open the electronically actuated valve when a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a first rotational position to allow a first gas to flow from the gas manifold into the cylinder;

close the electronically actuated valve when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a second rotational position to fluidically isolate the cylinder from the gas manifold, the second rotational position being different than the first rotational position;

open the electronically actuated valve when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a third rotational position to allow a second gas contained within the cylinder to flow from the cylinder into the gas manifold, the third rotational position being different from the first rotational position and the second rotational position; and

close the electronically actuated valve when the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is in a fourth rotational position to fluidically isolate the cylinder from the gas manifold, the fourth rotational position being different than the first rotational position, the second rotational position and the third rotational position, the first rotational position, the second rotational position, the third rotational position and the fourth rotational position each occurring within one combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine.

22. The internal combustion engine of claim 21 , wherein the controller is further configured to:

open the electronically actuated valve associated when the internal combustion engine is in the first configuration by moving the electronically actuated valve a first distance; and

open the electronically actuated valve when the internal combustion engine is in the third configuration by moving the electronically actuated valve a second distance, the second distance different than the first distance.

23. The internal combustion engine of claim 21 , wherein an angular difference between the second rotational position and the first rotational position is different than an angular difference between the fourth rotational position and the third rotational position.

24. The internal combustion engine of claim 21 , wherein the electronically actuated valve is a slide valve.