Acoustic elements and their production
Acoustic element ( 1 ) has a flat, sound-receiving, front face ( 2 ) which extends in the XY plane and has a good sound-absorption coefficient, and the element is formed of a bonded batt of air laid mineral fibres having a density of 70 to 200 kg/m 3 wherein the fibres extend from the front face ( 2 ) and at least through the front half of the thickness of the batt have a Z direction component greater than the Z direction component of conventional air laid products, and the front face of the batt is a cut and abraded face. The element can be made by air laying mineral fibres and binder, reorienting the fibres to provide an increased fibre orientation in the Z direction, curing the binder to form a cured batt and cutting the cured batt in the XY plane into two cut batts and smoothing each cut surface by abrasion to produce a flat face on each cut batt.
1. An acoustic element panel adapted to be a visible element of a wall or ceiling having a flat, sound-receiving, front face which extends in the XY plane and which has a sound absorption coefficient of at least 0.7, a rear face substantially parallel to the front face, and side edges which extend in the Z direction between the front face and rear faces, and in which the element consist predominantly of a bonded batt of airlaid mineral fibres, characterised in that the bonded batt has a density of 70 to 200 kg/m 3 , the fibres extending from the front face and at least through the front half of the thickness of the batt have a Z direction component substantially greater than the Z direction component of fibres in airlaid products made by collecting fibres entrained in air by suction through a travelling collector and vertically compressing the collected fibres, optionally after cross-lapping the collected fibres, and the front face of the bonded batt is a cut and abraded face.
2. A panel according to claim 1 in which visual examination shows that the fibres include lamellae and the lamellae extend substantially in the Z direction from the cut surface.
3. A panel according to claim 1 in which the ratio of the bending strength (the resistance to being bent in the Z direction) of the batt in a first direction in the XY plane to the bending strength of the batt in a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, in the XY plane is at least 2 when determined as defined herein.
4. A panel according to claim 1 in which the Z direction component of the fibres is the component achievable by a process comprising collecting the fibres on a travelling collector as a web, optionally cross-lapping the web, vertically compressing the resultant web to a density of at least 10 kg/m 3 , and then longitudinally compressing the web in a ratio of at least 1.7:1, under conditions of uniform thickness.
5. An element according to claim 4 in which the Z direction component of the fibres is the component achievable by a process comprising collecting the fibres on a travelling collector as a web, optionally cross-lapping the web, vertically compressing the resultant web to a density of at least 10 kg/m 3 , and then longitudinally compressing the web in a ratio of at least 12:1 under conditions of uniform thickness.
6. A wall or ceiling comprising a plurality of elements according to claim 1 in which the front faces of the elements are arranged so as to be visible and another edge or face is mounted to a support.
7. A panel according to claim 1 in which the mineral fibres are rock, stone or slag.
8. A panel according to 1 in which the fibres of the element at and adjacent the rear face have a greater orientation in the XY plane than the fibres at a distance from the rear face which is 20% of the thickness of the batt.
9. A panel according to claim 1 in which the fibres adjacent the rear face have an orientation that extends predominantly in the XY plane substantially perpendicular to a first side edge of the tile, and there is a slot cut along this first edge and extending in the XY plane and which has opposing side surfaces and an end surface.
10. A panel according to claim 1 in which there is a slot which has opposing side surfaces and an end surface and which is cut along at least a first side edge of the element and extends in the XY plane, and impregnant extends 0.5 to 2 mm into the batt from both side surfaces of the slot.
11. A panel according to claim 10 in which there is a similar slot in a third side edge substantially parallel to the first side edge.
12. A panel according to claim 1 in which the density of the batt in the element is 70 to 140 kg/m 3 .
13. A panel according to claim 1 having a facing web on the front face and optionally on the rear face of the batt.
14. A method of makings panels according to claim 1 comprising collecting mineral fibres and binder entrained in air on a travelling collector and vertically compressing the collected fibres, optionally after cross-lapping, to form a web reorienting the fibres to provide an unbonded batt having a density of 70to 200 kg/m 3 and an increased fibre orientation in the Z direction, curing the binder to form a cured batt, cutting the cured batt in the XY plane into two cut batts at a position in the Z dimension where the fibres have the increased orientation in the Z direction, and smoothing each cut surface by abrasion to produce a flat face.
15. A method according to claim 14 in which the reorientation of the fibres is achieved by vertically compressing the web to a density of at least 10 kg/m 3 and a weight per unit area of W, and subjecting the web to longitudinal compression whereby the unbonded batt which is subjected to curing has a weight per unit area of at least 2 W.
16. A method according to claim 15 in which the unbonded batt has a weight per unit area of 2.3 to 3 W.
17. A method according to claim 16 in which the web having a weight per unit area of W is subjected to longitudinal compression and then longitudinal decompression to reduce the weight per unit area by 0.2 W to 1 W and to produce the weight per unit area in the unbonded batt of at least 2 W.
18. A method according to any of claim 15 in which the batt formed by the longitudinal compression has a thickness T and the batt is subjected to vertical compression to a final thickness of 0.2 to 0.95 T prior to curing.
19. A method according to claim 14 comprising the additional step of cutting along at least one of the side edges a slot which extends in the XY plane and which has opposing side surfaces, ejecting liquid, curable, impregnant from a nozzle which slides within and relative to the slot along the length of the slots, pressing the impregnant into the side surfaces by sliding or rotating through the slot a wiping member which is shaped to be a substantially tight fit with the slot, and then curing the impregnant.
20. A method according to any of claim 18 in which the batt is subjected to vertical compression to a final thickness of 0.4 to 0.95 T prior to curing.
21. A method according to claim 17 in which the web having a weight per unit area of W is subjected to longitudinal compression and then longitudinal decompression to reduce the weight per unit area by 0.2 W to 1 W and to produce the weight per unit area in the unbonded batt of 2.3 to 3 W.