Erosion resistant coatings
The present disclosure relates to a coating and a method of applying such coating that may include nanocrystals of a transition metal compound embedded in an amorphous phase or layered structure of transition metal compounds with an amorphous phase. The transition metal compound may be selected from the group consisting of metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal silicides and combinations thereof. The amorphous matrix may include a ceramic.
1. A component comprising a coating, wherein said coating consists of nanocrystals of a transition metal compound embedded in a ceramic, the transition metal compound being selected from the group consisting of metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal silicides and combinations thereof and the chemical composition of said coating has the formula TiSiCN, wherein Ti is present at an atomic percentage of 31.4 to 42.3, Si is present at an atomic percentage of 1.9 to 3.5, C is present at an atomic percentage of 14.5 to 28.6 and N is present at an atomic percentage of 36.5 to 41.3, wherein the atomic percent of Ti, Si, C and N is 100 atomic percent, and said coating exhibits a cubic crystalline structure and wherein said coating exhibits a Vickers Hardness of 2473 to 2931 (HV).
2. The component of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals have a grain size greater than or equal to about 2 nm.
3. The component of claim 1 wherein, upon exposure to sand erosion testing using alumina particles having an average particle size of about 50 μm for 10 cycles of sandblasting at 80 psi at an incident angle of about 30 degrees and 10 seconds per cycle, said coating decreases cumulative weight loss compared to stainless steel by about 20 wt. % or more.
4. The component of claim 1 wherein said coating exhibits a hardness (H) of about 30 GPa or greater.
5. The component of claim 1 wherein said coating exhibits a Young's Modulus (E) and a hardness (H), wherein the ratio of H 3 to E 2 is about 0.150 or greater.
6. A method for producing a coating on a component comprising:
depositing metal atoms on one or more surfaces of a component; and
subjecting said metal atoms to reactive gas under conditions effective to produce a coating layer of a metal compound, wherein said metal compound comprises nanocrystals of a transition metal compound in a ceramic matrix, wherein said transition metal compound is selected from the group consisting of metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal silicides and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said nanocrystals have a grain size of greater than or equal to about 2 nm.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said reactive gas includes a ceramic precursor reactive gas.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein said reactive gas comprises carbon, silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 6 wherein said reactive gas comprises alkyl-substituted silanes, siloxanes, alkyl substituted siloxanes and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 6 wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of tantalum, hafnium, niobium, vanadium, molybdenum, titanium, boron, zirconium, aluminum, iron, copper, chromium, platinum, palladium, tungsten, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 6 wherein said method further comprises
providing a vacuum chamber;
providing a magnetron sputter target comprising metal;
aligning one or more surfaces of said component with said magnetron sputter target;
evacuating said vacuum chamber;
exposing said sputter target to magnetron sputter conditions effective to produce magnetron plasma comprising atoms of said metal; and
injecting electrons into said vacuum chamber.
13. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
subjecting said metal atoms to inert gas, alternated with subjecting said metal atoms to said reactive gas; and
depositing metal atoms on said one or more surfaces of component forming at least one layer of said metal and at least one layer of said metal compound.
14. A component comprising a layered coating structure comprising:
a. one or more layers of a transition metal compound, the transition metal compound being selected from the group consisting of metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal silicides and combinations thereof; and
b. one or more layers of a ceramic,
wherein the chemical composition of said coating consists of TiSiCN, wherein Ti is present at an atomic percentage of 31.4 to 42.3, Si is present at an atomic percentage of 1.9 to 3.5, C is present at an atomic percentage of 14.5 to 28.6 and N is present at an atomic percentage of 36.5 to 41.3, wherein the atomic percent of Ti, Si, C and N is 100 atomic percent and said coating exhibits a cubic crystalline structure and wherein said coating exhibits a Vickers Hardness of 2473 to 2931 (HV).
15. The component of claim 14 further comprising at least one metal layer to said transition metal compound layer.
16. The component of claim 15 wherein said at least one metal layer and said transition metal compound layer have a combined thickness of greater than or equal to 10 μm.
17. The component of claim 15 wherein said metal layer has a thickness of greater than or equal to 0.5 μm to 10 μm.
18. The component of claim 15 wherein said transition metal compound layer has a thickness of 1 μm to 25 μm.