Mechanical resonators fabricated out of bulk-solidifying amorphous metal alloys
The use of bulk-solidifying amorphous metal alloys, frequently called “liquid metals”, are disclosed as a preferred material of construction for the manufacture of mechanical resonators, such as mechanical resonators utilized in the following: systems using tuning forks and variants of tuning forks, inertial microbalances, vibrating level detectors, vibrating viscosity and rheology measuring instruments, vibrating tube meters, such as Coriolis mass flow meters, vibrating structure gyroscopes, vortex flow meters, sonotrodes for various applications such as welding and medical applications, and piezoelectric activated mechanical resonators. A method of attaining high mechanical Q factors, sensitivity, elasticity, hardness, and high specific strength properties offered by the use of bulk-solidifying amorphous metal alloys in the manufacture of mechanical resonators is disclosed.
1 . A mechanical resonator made at least in part of a bulk-solidifying amorphous metal alloy.
2 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for an inertial microbalance.
3 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for a coriolis meter.
4 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for a densitometer.
5 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for a vortex meter.
5 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for a tuning fork resonator.
6 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for tuning fork densitometers, viscometers, or rheometers.
7 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for vibrating structure gyroscopes.
8 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for sonotrodes.
9 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical resonator is a resonator for piezoelectric activated mechanical resonators.
10 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the bulk-solidifying amorphous metal has a composition, in atomic percent, of from about 45 to about 67 percent total of zirconium plus titanium, from about 10 to about 35 percent beryllium, and from about 10 to about 38 percent total of copper plus nickel, plus incidental impurities, the total of the percentages being 100 atomic percent.
11 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the bulk-solidifying amorphous metal has a composition, in atomic percent, of from about 25 to about 85 percent total of zirconium and hafnium, from about 5 to about 35 percent aluminum, and from about 5 to about 70 percent total of nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, and manganese, plus incidental impurities, the total of the percentages being 100 atomic percent.
12 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the bulk-solidifying amorphous alloy exhibits substantially no plastic deformation when loaded to about 80 percent of its fracture strength.
13 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the bulk-solidifying amorphous alloy has an elastic strain limit of at least about 1.5 percent strain.
14 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the bulk-solidifying amorphous alloy has a strength-to-density ratio of at least about 1*10 6 inches.
15 . The mechanical resonator of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous metal has a strength-to-density ratio of at least about 10 6 inches, an elastic strain limit of more than about 1.5 percent, and a density of from about 5.0 to about 7.0 grams per cubic centimeter.
16 . A mechanical resonator, wherein at least part of the mechanical resonator is made of a bulk-solidifying amorphous metal that may be fabricated by casting the bulk-solidifying amorphous metal to shape in a properly shaped permanent mold.
17 . The mechanical resonator of claim 16 , wherein the bulk-solidifying amorphous metal has a composition, in atomic percent, of from about 45 to about 67 percent total of zirconium plus titanium, from about 10 to about 35 percent beryllium, and from about 10 to about 38 percent total of copper plus nickel, plus incidental impurities, the total of the percentages being 100 atomic percent.
18 . The mechanical resonator of claim 16 , wherein the bulk-solidifying amorphous metal has a composition, in atomic percent, of from about 25 to about 85 percent total of zirconium and hafnium, from about 5 to about 35 percent aluminum, and from about 5 to about 70 percent total of nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, and manganese, plus incidental impurities, the total of the percentages being 100 atomic percent.
19 . The mechanical resonator of claim 16 , wherein the metal is a bulk-solidifying amorphous metal that may be cooled from the melt at a cooling rate of about 500 degrees C. per second or less, yet retain an amorphous structure.
20 . A mechanical resonator, wherein at least part of the mechanical resonator is made of a bulk-solidifying amorphous metal that may be cooled from the melt at a cooling rate of about 500 degrees C. per second or less, yet retain an amorphous structure, and wherein the mechanical resonator is fabricated by casting the bulk-solidifying amorphous metal to shape in a properly shaped permanent mold.