Method for the continuous implementation of polymerisation processes
A process for continuously performing polymerization processes, wherein monomer(s), catalysts, and initiators are added continuously to a backmixed mixing kneader ( 1 - 1.3 ) with a length/diameter ratio of 0.5-3.5 and backmixed therein with already reacted product, and the reacted product is simultaneously drawn off continuously from the mixing kneader ( 1 - 1.3 ).
1. A process for continuously performing polymerization processes in a backmixed horizontal kneader having a product space, a flux condenser communicated with the product space, backmixing stirrer shaft geometry, one or two kneading shafts which run in same or opposed directions and are arranged horizontally and have a length/diameter ratio of 0.5-3.5, comprising:
continuously feeding at least one reactant selected from the group consisting of monomer(s), catalysts, and initiators to the kneader so as to backmix the at least one reactant with already reacted product;
simultaneously drawing reacted product from the kneader, wherein the feeding and drawing steps are carried out so that the product space is only partially filled;
removing heat of reaction and kneading energy by evaporation of the monomer or solvent to produce vapors which are condensed in the reflux condenser; and
recycling condensed monomer or solvent to the kneader, characterized in that one or more reaction stoppers are added to a residual degasser ( 4 ) connected downstream of the mixing kneader ( 1 - 1 . 3 ), and this added medium simultaneously serves as a stripping agent for degassing of residual solvent and/or monomer(s).
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that (co)polymers are prepared by connecting in series a plurality of mixing kneaders ( 1 . 1 , 1 . 2 , 1 . 3 ) which are charged with different monomers and/or operated at different reaction conditions.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that viscosity and reaction parameters in the mixing kneader ( 1 - 1 . 3 ) are adjusted so as to avoid foam formation.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that pressure in the mixing kneader ( 1 - 1 . 3 ) is regulated to a particular value by means of an inert gas.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the process is a process for continuous homo- or copolymerization of thermoplastics and elastomers.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of drawing-off vapors from the product space.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein polymerization reactions are performed over a time of at least 5 minutes.