Pairs of working substances for absorption heat pumps, absorption refrigeration machines and heat transformers
A working substance pairing comprising a working substance and an ionic liquid, its use in absorption heat pumps, absorption refrigeration machines and heat transformers and also corresponding apparatuses.
1. An absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer comprising a working substance pairing, which comprises:
A) a working substance selected from the group consisting of water, ammonia, and methanol; and
B) an ionic liquid, which is a salt melt with a melting point below 80° C.
2. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is the salt of the general formula I, II or III
B1) [A] n + [Y] n− (I)
where n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, [A] + is a quaternary ammonium cation, an oxonium cation, a sulfonium cation or a phosphonium cation and [Y] n− is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent anion;
B2) mixed salts of the general formulae (II)
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [Y] 2− (IIa);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [Y] 3− (IIb); or
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] 4− (IIc),
where [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + are selected independently from among the groups mentioned for [A] + and [Y] n− is as defined under B1); or
B3) mixed salts of the general formulae (III)
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 4− (IIIa);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [Y] 4− (IIIb);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [M 3 ] + [Y] 4− (IIIc);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 3− (IIId);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [Y] 3− (IIIe);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 2− (IIIf);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 4− (IIIg);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 4− (IIIh);
[A 1 ] + [M 5 ] 3+ [Y] 4− (IIIi); or
[A 1 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 3− (IIIj)
where [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + and [A 3 ] + are selected independently from among the groups mentioned for [A] + , [Y] n− is as defined under B1) and [M 1 ] + , [M 2 ] + , [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ is a divalent metal cation and [M 5 ] 3+ is a trivalent metal cation; or a mixture thereof.
3. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , comprising the ionic liquid of the formula I, II, or III as component B
B1) [A] n + [Y] n− (I)
where n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, [A] + is a quaternary ammonium cation, an oxonium cation, a sulfonium cation or a phosphonium cation and [Y] n− is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent anion;
B2) mixed salts of the general formulae (II)
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [Y] 2− (IIa);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [Y] 3− (IIb); or
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] 4− (IIc),
where [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + are selected independently from among the groups mentioned for [A] + and [Y] n− is as defined under B1); or
B3) mixed salts of the general formulae (III)
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 4− (IIIa);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [Y] 4− (IIIb);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [M 3 ] + [Y] 4− (IIIc);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 3− (IIId);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [Y] 3− (IIIe);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 2− (IIIf);
[A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 4− (IIIg);
[A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 4− (IIIh);
[A 1 ] + [M 5 ] 3+ [Y] 4− (IIIi); or
[A 1 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 3− (IIIj)
where [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + and [A 3 ] + are selected independently from among the groups mentioned for [A] + , [Y] n− is as defined under B1) and [M 1 ] + , [M 2 ] + , [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ is a divalent metal cation and [M 5 ] 3+ is a trivalent metal cation; or a mixture thereof.
4. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the working substance and the ionic liquid are miscible in the temperature range from −20 to 200° C.
5. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the working substance is water.
6. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the working substance and the ionic liquid are miscible in the temperature range from −60 to 100° C.
7. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the working substance is ammonia.
8. An absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 further comprising:
a liquefier; an expansion organ; a boiler; and an absorber.
9. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 wherein the absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine or heat transformer is an absorption heat pump and the working substance is absorbed in the ionic liquid.
10. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 wherein the absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine or heat transformer is an absorption refrigeration machine and the working substance is absorbed in the ionic liquid.
11. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 wherein the absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine or heat transformer is an absorption heat transformer and the working substance is absorbed in the ionic liquid.
12. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is liquid in a temperature range from 0 to 180° C.
13. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the working substance and the ionic liquid are miscible in the temperature range from −5 to 150° C.
14. The absorption heat pump, absorption refrigeration machine, or heat transformer according to claim 1 , wherein the working substance and the ionic liquid are miscible in the temperature range from −40 to 50° C.