Microorganisms that extracellularly secrete lipids and methods of producing lipid and lipid vesicles encapsulating lipids using said microorganisms
There are provided microorganisms, for example, Mortierella alpina , having a property of producing a lipid containing unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids and extracellularly secreting the produced lipid encapsulated in lipid vesicles, methods of screening said microorganisms, as well as methods of efficiently producing a fatty acid-containing lipid using said microorganisms. Furthermore, there are provided lipid vesicles encapsulating a lipid containing unsaturated fatty acids, and foods, cosmetics, and animal feeds comprising said lipid vesicles added thereto. Artificially treated microorganisms or microorganisms collected from nature are grown on a solid medium, and microbial strains that form lipid vesicles at the periphery of the colonies and/or microbial strains that, when cultured in a transparent liquid medium, make the culture liquid cloudy are selected. The microorganisms obtained are cultured, lipid-containing lipid vesicles secreted in the culture liquid, are separated from the culture liquid, and the lipid is separated and purified.
1. A method of screening a strain of microorganism which extracellularly secretes an unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid, comprising artificially treating a microorganism with a mutagenic agent or under a mutagenic condition, wherein the microorganism to be treated accumulates the unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid in the cell, culturing the treated microorganism on a solid medium, and identifying a colony of the treated microorganism which is covered with lipid-containing vesicles at the periphery.
2. A method of screening a strain of microorganism which extracellularly secretes an unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid, comprising artificially treating a microorganism with a mutagenic agent or under a mutagenic condition, wherein the microorganism to be treated accumulates the unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid in the cell, culturing the treated microorganism on a solid medium, selecting a colony that is covered with lipid-containing lipid vesicles at the periphery, culturing the selected colony in a transparent liquid medium, and identifying a colony that produces a cloudy culture liquid.
3. A method of screening a strain of microorganism which extracellularly secretes an unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid, comprising: artificially treating a microorganism with a mutagenic agent or under a mutagenic condition, wherein the microorganism to be treated accumulates the unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid in the cell, culturing the treated microorganism on a solid medium, and selecting a colony covered with lipid-containing lipid vesicles at the periphery.
4. A screening method for identifying a microorganism that extracellularly secretes a lipid containing unsaturated fatty acids comprising: artificially treating a microorganism with a mutagenic agent or under a mutagenic condition, wherein the microorganism to be treated accumulates the unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid in the cell,
culturing the treated microorganism on a solid medium,
selecting a colony covered with lipid-containing vesicles at the periphery,
culturing the selected microorganism in a transparent liquid medium, and
determining whether the culture liquid becomes cloudy.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said artificial treating step comprises mutagen treatment, gene manipulation, or cell fusion.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said artificial treating step comprises treating the microorganism with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NGT).
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein said artificial treating step comprises mutagen treatment.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein said artificial treating step comprises treating the microorganism with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NGT).
9. The method of any of claims 1 , 2 , or 3 , wherein the microorganism is of the genus Mortierella.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the Mortierella microorganism is Mortierella alpina.
11. The method of claim 4 , wherein said unsaturated fatty acids have 18 carbons and three or more double bonds, or 20 or more carbons and two or more double bonds.
12. The method of claim 4 , wherein said microorganism is a filamentous fungus.
13. The method of claim 4 , wherein the microorganism is selected from genus Mortierella.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the microorganism is Mortierella alpina.