P-type group II-VI semiconductor compounds
A persistent p-type group II-VI semiconductor material is disclosed. The group II-VI semiconductor includes atoms of group II elements, atoms of group VI elements, and one or more p-type dopants. The p-type dopant concentration is sufficient to render the group II-VI semiconductor material in a single crystal form. The semiconductor resistivity is less than about 0.5 ohm·cm, and the carrier mobility is greater than about 0.1 cm 2 /V·s. Group II elements include zinc, cadmium, the alkaline earth metals such as beryllium, magnesium calcium, strontium, and barium, and mixtures thereof. Group VI elements include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof. P-type dopants include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, chalcogenides of the foregoing, and mixtures thereof.
1. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material that exists at substantially room temperature and pressure comprising single crystal zinc oxide that is doped with a quantity of a antimony, wherein the antimony concentration is sufficient to render the zinc oxide a p-type semiconductor in a single crystal form, wherein semiconductor resistivity is less than about 0.5 ohm·cm, and wherein the carrier mobility is greater than about 100cm 2 /V·s.
2. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the resistivity is less than about 0.1 ohm·cm.
3. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the resistivity is less than about 0.01ohm·cm.
4. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the resistivity is less than about 0.001 ohm·cm.
5. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the antimony concentration is in the range from about 10 16 to about 10 22 atoms·cm −3 .
6. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the antimony concentration is greater than about 10 16 atoms·cm −3 .
7. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the antimony concentration is in the range from about 10 17 to 10 19 atoms·cm −3 .
8. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide is deposited as a thin film on an amorphous self supporting substrate surface.
9. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 8 , wherein the zinc oxide is deposited as a thin film on a fused silica self supporting substrate.
10. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 8 , wherein the zinc oxide is deposited as a thin film on a silicon wafer self supporting substrate.
11. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide further comprises cadmium oxide.
12. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide further comprises magnesium oxide.
13. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide is a non-stoichiometric zinc oxide compound.
14. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide is fabricated at a substrate temperature between about 350°C. and 550°C.
15. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material that exists at substantially room temperature and pressure comprising single crystal zinc oxide that is doped with a quantity of a antimony, wherein the antimony concentration is greater than about 10 16 atoms·cm −3 and sufficient to render the zinc oxide a p-type semiconductor in a single crystal form, wherein semiconductor resistivity is less than about 0.01ohm·cm, and wherein the carrier mobility is greater than about 100cm 2 /V·s, wherein the zinc oxide is fabricated at a substrate temperature between about 350°C. and 550°C.
16. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 15 , wherein the zinc oxide is deposited as a thin film on an amorphous self supporting substrate surface.
17. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 16 , wherein the zinc oxide is deposited as a thin film on a fused silica self supporting substrate.
18. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 16 , wherein the zinc oxide is deposited as a thin film on a silicon wafer self supporting substrate.
19. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 15 , wherein the zinc oxide further comprises cadmium oxide.
20. A persistent p-type zinc oxide semiconductor material according to claim 15 , wherein the zinc oxide further comprises magnesium oxide.