Markers for brain damage
Methods to identify markers for brain damage using fresh brain tissue and methods and compositions for detecting these markers are disclosed.
1. A method to detect brain damage in a test subject which method comprises analyzing a sample comprising a biological fluid, or fraction thereof, of said subject for the presence of a marker which is visinin-like protein 1 (VLP-1),
wherein any enhanced presence of said marker in the fluid, or fraction thereof, of the test subject as compared to normal subjects indicates an increased probability of brain damage in the test subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological fluid is CSF, serum or plasma.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the biological fluid is serum or plasma.
5. The method of claim 1 , which further includes analyzing said sample for at least one additional marker selected from the group consisting of synaptosomal-associated protein (25 kDa, SNAP25), glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67 kDa, GAD67), myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein, synaptotagmin 1, tubulin beta 4, fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (zygin I), glycine receptor beta, vesicular membrane protein p24, olfactomedin 1, Zic family member 1 (odd-paired homolog, Drosophila ), protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1, proteolipid protein 1 (Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, spastic paraplegia 2), internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha, solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter, member 1), serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor (clade I, member 1 (neuroserpin)), Neuronatin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (gamma 2), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin 2), and neurogranin (protein kinase C substrate, RC3).
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the additional marker is selected from the group consisting of synaptosomal-associated protein (25 kDa, SNAP25), glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67 kDa, GAD67), myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein, synaptotagmin 1, tubulin beta 4, fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (zygin I), glycine receptor beta, vesicular membrane protein p24, olfactomedin 1, serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor (clade I, member 1 (neuroserpin)), Neuronatin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (gamma 2), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin 2), and neurogranin (protein kinase C substrate, RC3).
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the additional marker is selected from the group consisting of Zic family member 1 (odd-paired homolog, Drosophila ), protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1, proteolipid protein 1 (Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, spastic paraplegia 2), internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha, solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter, member 1).
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the additional marker is selected from the group consisting of serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor (clade I, member 1 (neuroserpin)), Neuronatin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (gamma 2), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin 2), and neurogranin (protein kinase C substrate, RC3).