Production of stainless steel of AISI 4xx grade ferritic steel in an AOD converter
For the production of stainless steel of the ferritic AISI 4xx group of steels, particularly the AISI 430 group of steels, based on liquid pig iron and FeCr solids, the invention proposes the use of the AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) process in which oxygen and inert gas (inactive gas) together are blown into the bath through nozzles and top-blown onto the surface of the bath by a blowing lance. The aim of the treatment is to conclude a smelting charge within an optimal time period, to achieve the intended tapping temperature and composition, and to minimize chromium losses. This is achieved by a correspondingly applied technology and by means of a metallurgic process model which observes, prognosticates and controls the treatment of the smelting charge.
1. Method of production of stainless steel of ferritic AISI 4xx group of steels, particularly the AISI 430 group of steels, based on liquid pig iron and FeCr solids, wherein a liquid slag-free pig iron, after preliminary treatment in a blast furnace ( 1 ) and DDD-treatment, is heated, refined or alloyed, reduced in a ADD-converter and, finally, adaptation/adjustment of a treated molten steel in a casting ladle ( 5 ) is carried out,
characterized in that
the DDD-treatment of the pit iron is carried out at extremely low temperatures of about 1150° C.,
in AOD-converter ( 4 ) the following method steps heating, refining/alloying, and reduction of the liquid pig iron are carried out by side nozzles and top blowing lance,
after heating and subsequent deslagging, for refining of the molten metal, oxygen is blown onto the molten metal by the top blowing lance, and a mixture of oxygen and inert gas (argon or nitrogen) is blown into the molten metal through side nozzles, wherein a ratio between the oxygen and the inert gas, starting with an oxygen-rich mixture, varies during the blowing process, and a total quantity of oxygen is constantly divided during a blowing process between the top blowing lance and the side nozzles.
2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the necessary energy requirement for heating the pig iron melt is calculated by the following equation: required energy input =energy input from Si/Al oxidation −(cooling energy of the slag-forming materials +energy losses).
3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that slag reduction is carried out after refining the molten metal with recovery of chromium from the slag and a desired definitive or quasi-chemical composition through addition of silicon-containing material such as FeSi and aluminum.
4. Method according to claim 3 , characterized in that a separate desulfurization step is carried out depending upon a desired grade of steel, wherein efficiency of treatment depends substantially on a high deoxidation quality of the liquid metal and is achieved by addition of aluminum.
5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the steel refining process in the AOD converter ( 4 ) is planned, monitored, prognosticated and controlled by a metallurgic AOD process model in order to achieve a planned composition and temperature.
6. Method according to claim 5 , characterized in that the AOD process model makes it possible to calculate a target material and an addition of materials for all possible treatment steps in order to control the steel temperature and steel composition, to carry out a prognostic calculation for calculating a treatment strategy of the AOD process encompassing the entire AOD process with an actual state of the charge at the start of treatment until tapping of the charge, wherein an entire treatment of an individual charge with all necessary process steps and sampling is planned with respect to given practical data corresponding to a general treatment time period, to prepare a dynamic model for calculating data relating to carbon, oxygen and energy and reference values for blow rates of process gases.
7. Method according to claim 6 , characterized in that the AOD process model can be used to calculate the charge for selecting alloys and scrap in a cost-optimized manner, to control a target temperature, to carry out a process control with high output, and to minimize reduction materials.
8. Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized in that
based on a blowing pattern that is defined beforehand by practical production data and by oxygen requirement for decarburization and element oxidation, a flow rate and the mixture of the process gas (oxygen and argon/nitrogen) to be blown into the bath through the nozzles arranged below the surface and by a top-blowing lance are controlled, and a changeover point from nitrogen to argon is determined for achieving a permissible range of nitrogen in the steel.