Monitorable hydrogen sensor system
A remotely readable hydrogen detector is in the form of a tag or card that can be worn on clothing or mounted on a variety of surfaces and can be monitored from a distance for the presence of hydrogen gas. It includes a hydrogen sensor device, which changes in electrical resistivity in response to being exposed to hydrogen gas, that is incorporated into an electric detector circuit, which detects changes in resistivity of the sensor device, and, when such change in resistivity indicates the presence of some predetermined concentration of hydrogen gas, the electric circuit outputs a signal or state that indicates the presence of hydrogen to a transceiver circuit, which can transmit that information to a remote receiver or interrogator/reader via an antenna in the sensor device.
1. A hydrogen detector apparatus, comprising:
a thin card structure comprising a top sheet with a window opening united with a bottom sheet;
a hydrogen sensor device mounted and sandwiched between the top sheet and the bottom sheet of the thin card structure in a position that exposes the hydrogen gas sensor device to the window opening in the top sheet, said hydrogen gas sensor device comprising a thin layer of chemo-electric material that varies in electrical resistivity in response to exposure to hydrogen, at least two electrically conductive contacts in physical contact with the thin layer of chemo-electric material and spaced apart from each other by the intervening thin layer of chemo-electric material, and a catalyst layer disposed on a surface of the intervening thin layer of chemo-electric material;
a detector circuit mounted and sandwiched between the top sheet and the bottom sheet and connected to the at least two electrically conductive contacts of the hydrogen sensor device in a manner that is capable of applying a voltage across the thin layer of chemo-electric material between the at least two electrically conductive contacts and detecting resistivity of the thin layer of chemo-electric material between the at least two electrically conductive contacts that is indicative of the thin layer of chemo-electric material being exposed to hydrogen and of generating a signal in response to such detection, said detector circuit comprising an RC circuit that includes a capacitor in series between the hydrogen sensor device and a ground to convert resistance in the hydrogen sensor device to time, and a microcontroller connected to the RC circuit programmed to measure a time required to discharge the capacitor through the hydrogen sensor from a threshold voltage level to a lower reference value and to compare such measured time to a time value that is indicative of a hydrogen concentration, and to generate the signal; and
a transceiver circuit mounted and sandwiched between the top sheet and the bottom sheet, wherein said transceiver circuit is connected electrically to the detector circuit to receive the signal generated by the detector circuit and includes a transmitter which transmits information indicating presence of hydrogen at the hydrogen sensor device to a remote receiver in response to the signal generated by the detector circuit.
2. The hydrogen detector apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein the catalyst layer includes an intermittent conductive catalyst spaced apart enough so that electricity flowing between the at least two contacts has to flow through the chemo-electric material instead of through the conductive catalyst.
3. The hydrogen detector apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a battery mounted and sandwiched between the top sheet and the bottom sheet of the thin card structure, said battery being connected electrically to the detector circuit.
4. The hydrogen detector apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen gas sensor device, the detector circuit, and the transceiver circuit are mounted in adjacent, coplanar relation to each other sandwiched between the top sheet and the bottom sheet of the thin card structure.
5. The hydrogen detector apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the transceiver circuit includes an antenna extending in coplanar relation to the hydrogen gas sensor device, the detector circuit and the transceiver circuit are mounted adjacent to each other between the bottom sheet and the top sheet of the thin card structure.
6. The hydrogen detector apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen gas sensor device includes at least two electrically conductive contacts in contact with a first surface of the thin layer of chemo-electric material and the catalyst layer in intermittent islets on a second surface of the thin layer of chemo-electric material that is opposite the first surface.
7. The hydrogen detector apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the at least two electrically conductive contacts extend in interdigitated relation to each other in contact with the first surface of the thin layer of chemo-electric material.
8. The hydrogen detector apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein a first of the at least two electrically conductive contacts is in physical and electrical contact with one surface of the thin layer of chemo-electric material, the catalyst layer on another surface of the thin layer of chemo-electric material that is opposite said first electrically conductive contact, and a second of the at least two electrically conductive contacts is formed as a grid on the catalyst layer such that the first and second electrically conductive contacts are spaced apart from each other by the thin layer of chemo-electric material so that electricity flowing between the first and second electrically conductive contacts has to flow through the thin layer of chemo-electric material and such that the second electrically conductive contact is not an impediment to hydrogen gas flow from the window opening in the top sheet to the catalyst layer and the thin layer of chemo-electric material.