Mesoporous aluminum oxide, preparation and use thereof
Mesoporous aluminum oxides with high surface areas have been synthesized using inexpensive, small organic templating agents instead of surfactants. Optionally, some of the aluminum can be framework-substituted by one or more other elements. The material has high thermal stability and possesses a three-dimensionally randomly connected mesopore network with continuously tunable pore sizes. This material can be used as catalysts for dehydration, hydrotreating, hydrogenation, catalytic reforming, steam reforming, amination, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and Diels-Alder synthesis, etc.
1. A process for treating organic compounds which comprises:
a) providing a mesoporous aluminum oxide comprising one X-ray diffraction peak where 2θ is between about 0.3° to about 3.5°, wherein mesopores in said composition range from about 1.5 nm to about 20 nm in diameter and the said mesopores randomly interconnected, and have a pore volume ranging from about 0.3 cm 3 /g to about 2.5 cm 3 /g, wherein the mesoporous structure has optionally incorporated therewith at least about 0.02% by weight of at least one catalytically and/or chemically active heteroatom selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Sn, Mo, Ga, Ni, Co, In, Zr, Mn, Cu, Mg, Pd, Ru, Pt, W and combinations thereof or zeolites,
wherein the mesoporous aluminum oxide is provided by
i. dissolving at least one inorganic source of aluminum oxide in a solvent to obtain a mixture;
ii. adding at least one non-surfactant pore forming agent to the mixture, said pore forming agent being capable of hydrogen bonding without forming miscelles;
iii. adding at least one alkali to the mixture;
iv. drying the mixture at a temperature ranging from about 40° C. to about 140° C. for a period of time ranging from about 1 hour to about 48 hours to obtain a dried gel; and,
v. removing the pore-forming agent from the dried gel to obtain a powder comprising the mesoporous aluminum oxide;
b) contacting feed under reaction conditions with said catalyst wherein the treating process is selected from the group consisting of catalytic reforming, steam reforming, fluid catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, CCR reduction, RCR reduction, isomerization, hydration, dehydration, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, denitrogenation, demetallation, desulfurization, sulfur recovery including the Claus process, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, ammoxidation, amination, Diels-Alder synthesis and adsorption.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is catalytic reforming of naphtha, the feed comprises at least one hydrocarbon of the gasoline boiling range, and operating conditions comprise a pressure of from about 1 bar to 60 bars, a liquid hourly space velocity of from about 0.2 to 20 hr −1 , and an operating temperature of from about 350° to 560° C.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is steam reforming, the feed comprises at least one hydrocarbon, and an operating temperature of from about 700° to 1200° C.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the feed comprises at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and operating conditions comprise a pressure of from about 3 bars to about 60 bars, and an operating temperature of from about 190° C. to about 400° C.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is dehydration, the feed comprises at least one alcohol, and operating conditions comprise a pressure of from about 0.1 bar to 10 bar, and an operating temperature of from about 100° C. to about 300° C. for liquid phase dehydration and 210° to about 330° C. for gas phase dehydration.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is hydrocracking, the feed comprises at least one hydrocarbon, and operating conditions comprise a pressure of from about 40 bars to 200 bars, a liquid hourly space velocity of from about 0.2 hr −1 to about 6 hr −1 , an operating temperature of from about 250° C. to 550° C., and a hydrogen/hydrocarbon volume ratio of from about 200 to about 1000.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is hydrotreating, the feed comprises at least one hydrocarbon, and operating conditions comprise a pressure of from about 3 bars to 240 bars, a liquid hourly space velocity of from about 0.05 hr −1 to 25 hr −1 , and an operating temperature of from about 200° C. to 700° C.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is amination, the feed comprises at least one hydrocarbon and one amination agent, and operating conditions comprise a pressure of from about 5 bars to about 50 bars, a liquid hourly space velocity of from about 0.01 hr −1 to 2 hr −1 , an operating temperature of from about 300° to 550° C., and an amination agent/hydrocarbon molar ratio of from about 1 to about 40.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the treating process is hydrogenation, the feed comprises at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon, and operating conditions comprise a pressure of from about 5 bars to 120 bars, a liquid hourly space velocity of from about 1000 hr −1 to about 30,000 hr −1 , and an operating temperature of from about 25° C. to 300° C.