Organic semiconductor formulation
Disclosed are formulations that contain an organic semiconducting compound, a hydrophobic surfactant containing a head group that is a chlorosilane, silazane or thiol group and a tail group that is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl or siloxane group, and a non-alcoholic organic solvent, and their uses in electrically conducting, photoconducting and semiconducting components and devices, for example, in integrated circuitry, organic field effect transistors, thin film transistors, organic photovoltaic devices, radio frequency identification tags and organic light emitting diodes.
1. A formulation comprising
an organic semiconducting compound,
a hydrophobic surfactant containing a head group that is a chlorosilane containing a silicon-chlorine bond, silazane or thiol group and a tail group that is an unsubstituted alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group or a siloxane group, and
a non-alcoholic organic solvent.
2. A formulation according to claim 1 , which is a homogeneous solution.
3. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is monomeric or a small-molecule compound.
4. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is a silane or silazane.
5. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane, octyl trichlorosilane, octadecyl trichloro silane, or a substituted trichlorosilane.
6. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the surfactant is 10 −5 to 5 wt. %.
7. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the organic semiconducting compound is a p-type organic semiconductor.
8. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the organic semiconducting compound is a polymer with a conjugated pi-system.
9. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the organic semiconducting compound is polyphenylenevinylene, polyarylenevinylene, polyparaphenylene, polypyridine, polypyridinevinylene, polythiophene, polyalkylthiophene, polyfluorene, polyspirobifluorene, polypyrrole, polyvinylcarbazole, polytriarylamine, polyacetylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polythienylene vinylene, polyisothianaphthene, polyazulene, polyfuran, polyaniline, polyselenophene, polyindenofluorene, all of which are substituted or unsubstituted, or a mixture, blend, statistical or defined copolymer or block copolymer thereof.
10. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the organic semiconducting compound is a polymer or copolymer comprising one or more units of optionally substituted thiophene, optionally substituted selenophene, 3-alkylthiophene, optionally substituted [3,2b]-thienothiophene, optionally substituted [2,3b]-thienothiophene or optionally substituted dithienotiophene.
11. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the organic semiconducting compound is of the following formula
wherein
R a , R b , R c , R d are, independently of each other, in each case, H, halogen, optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl, or straight-hain, branched or cyclic alkyl with 1 to 20 C-atoms, which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and in which one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups are optionally replaced, in each case independently from one another, by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —NR 0 —, —SiR 0 R 00 —, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —S—CO—, —CO—S—, —CX 1 ═CX 2 — or —C≡C— in such a manner that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another,
R 0 and R 00 are, independently of each other, H, or optionally substituted aryl or alkyl with 1 to 12 C-atoms,
X 1 and X 2 are, independently of each other, H, F, Cl or CN,
n is an integer >1.
12. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the organic semiconducting compound is 0.1 to 10%.
13. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent has a polar contribution to the Hansen solubility parameter of <6 Mpa 1/2 .
14. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is a non-alcoholic aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon, or a halogenated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon.
15. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is xylene, toluene, benzene, tetralin, indane, dichlorobenzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, cyclohexane, anisole, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, cyclohexanone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone or a mixture thereof.
16. An organic semiconductor layer obtainable by providing a formulation according to claim 1 onto a substrate and optionally removing the solvent.
17. A semiconducting, electrically conducting, photoconducting or light-emitting material in an optical, electrooptical or electronic component or device, organic field effect transistor, integrated circuitry, thin film transistor, flat panel display, radio frequency identification tag, electroluminescent or photoluminescent device or component, organic light emitting diode, backlight of a display, organic photovoltaic device, sensor device, charge injection layer, Schottky diode, planarising layer, antistatic film, conducting substrate or pattern, electrode material in a battery, photoconductor, electrophotographic application, electrophotographic recording, organic memory device, alignment layer, cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition or a detecting or discriminating DNA sequence comprising a formulation according to claim 1 .
18. A semiconducting, electrically conducting, photoconducting or light-emitting component or device, comprising a formulation according to claim 1 , or a layer obtainable by providing said formulation onto a substrate.
19. An integrated circuitry, organic field effect transistor, thin film transistor, organic photovoltaic device, radio frequency identification tag or organic light emitting diode, comprising a formulation according to claim 1 , or a layer obtainable by providing said formulation onto a substrate.
20. A security marking or device comprising an organic field effect transistor or radio frequency identification tag according to claim 19 .
21. A method of preparing a formulation according to claim 1 , comprising mixing together
an organic semiconducting compound,
a hydrophobic surfactant containing a head group that is a chlorosilane, silazane or thiol group and a tail group that is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl or siloxane group, and
a non-alcoholic organic solvent.
22. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane, octyl trichlorosilane, or octadecyl trichloro silane.
23. A formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic surfactant consists of a head group that is a chlorosilane containing a silicon-chlorine bond, silazane or thiol group and a tail group that is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl or siloxane group.
24. A formulation comprising three separate compounds (A), (B) and (C) which compounds are not identical, wherein
(A) is an organic semiconducting compound,
(B) is a hydrophobic surfactant containing a head group that is a chlorosilane containing a silicon-chlorine bond, silazane or thiol group and a tail group that is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl or siloxane group, and
(C) is a non-alcoholic organic solvent.
25. A formulation according to claim 24 , wherein the hydrophobic surfactant consists of a head group that is a chlorosilane containing a silicon-chlorine bond, silazane or thiol group and a tail group that is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl or siloxane group.