PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT FOR INTEGRATED HYDROGEN SEPARATION AND COMPRESSION SYSTEMS
Apparatus and operating methods are provided for integrated electrochemical hydrogen separation and compression systems. In one possible embodiment, an electrical connection is initiated between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell. Hydrogen is ionized at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode. The protons are reacted with oxygen at the cathode to form water. The electrical connection between the anode and the cathode is removed, and a power supply is connected to the anode and cathode so that the anode has a higher electrical potential with respect to zero than the cathode. Various methods, features and system configurations are discussed.
1 . A method of operating an electrochemical hydrogen pumping cell, comprising:
initiating an electrical connection between an anode and a cathode of the cell;
ionizing hydrogen at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode;
reacting the protons with oxygen at the cathode to form water;
removing the electrical connection between the anode and the cathode; and
connecting a power supply to the anode and cathode, wherein the anode has a higher electrical potential with respect to zero than the cathode.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
flowing hydrogen across the anode while the electrical connection is present between the anode and cathode.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical connection between the anode and cathode comprises an electrical load.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
measuring a voltage between the anode and cathode;
performing the step of (removing the electrical connection between the anode and the cathode) when the voltage reaches a predetermined value.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
measuring a voltage between the anode and cathode;
performing the step of (connecting a power supply to the anode and cathode) when the voltage reaches a predetermined value.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
measuring a voltage between the anode and cathode;
performing the step of (connecting a power supply to the anode and cathode) when the electrical potential of the anode is higher with respect to zero than the cathode.
7 . A method of operating an electrochemical hydrogen pumping cell, comprising:
flowing a gas through a cathode of the cell, wherein the gas is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and inert gases;
contacting an anode of the cell with hydrogen; and
connecting a power supply to the anode and cathode, wherein the anode has a higher electrical potential with respect to zero than the cathode.
8 . The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
measuring a voltage between the anode and cathode;
wherein the step of (connecting a power supply to the anode and cathode) is performed when the voltage reaches a predetermined value.
9 . A method of operating an electrochemical hydrogen pumping cell, comprising:
contacting an anode of the cell with hydrogen;
flowing electrical current across the cell to evolve hydrogen at the cathode;
isolating the cell from the electrical current; and
isolating the cathode from ambient air.
10 . An electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising:
an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode;
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell; and
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode.
11 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a controller adapted to selectively activate the shorting mechanism.
12 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a controller adapted to measure an electrical potential between the anode and cathode; and
wherein the controller is further adapted to selectively activate the shorting mechanism when the electrical potential reaches a predetermined value.
13 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a heater adapted to raise a temperature of the cell;
a controller adapted to measure a temperature of the cell; and
wherein the controller is further adapted to selectively activate the heater to maintain the temperature of the cell above a predetermined threshold.
14 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising a cathode gas injection port.
15 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a source gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and inert gases;
a cathode gas injection port in fluid communication with the source gas and the cathode; and
a controller adapted to contact the cathode with the source gas.
16 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the shorting mechanism comprises an electrical load.
17 . An electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising:
an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode; and
wherein the cell further comprises a cathode gas injection port.
18 . The system of claim 17 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell; and
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode.
19 . The system of claim 17 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell;
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode; and
wherein the shorting mechanism comprises an electrical load.
20 . The system of claim 17 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell;
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode; and
a controller adapted to selectively activate the shorting mechanism.
21 . The system of claim 17 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell;
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode;
a controller adapted to measure an electrical potential between the anode and cathode; and
wherein the controller is further adapted to selectively activate the shorting mechanism when the electrical potential reaches a predetermined value.
22 . The system of claim 17 , further comprising:
a heater adapted to raise a temperature of the cell;
a controller adapted to measure a temperature of the cell; and
wherein the controller is further adapted to selectively activate the heater to maintain the temperature of the cell above a predetermined threshold.
23 . The system of claim 17 , further comprising:
a source gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and inert gases;
wherein the cathode gas injection port is in fluid communication with the source gas and the cathode; and
a controller adapted to contact the cathode with the source gas.
24 . An electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising:
an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode; and
wherein the cell further comprises a valve adapted to isolate the cathode from backflow of ambient air.
25 . The system of claim 24 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell; and
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode.
26 . The system of claim 24 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell;
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode; and
wherein the shorting mechanism comprises an electrical load.
27 . The system of claim 24 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell;
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode; and
a controller adapted to selectively activate the shorting mechanism.
28 . The system of claim 24 , further comprising:
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell;
a shorting mechanism adapted to selectively provide an electrical connection between the anode and cathode;
a controller adapted to measure an electrical potential between the anode and cathode; and
wherein the controller is further adapted to selectively activate the shorting mechanism when the electrical potential reaches a predetermined value.
29 . The system of claim 24 , further comprising:
a heater adapted to raise a temperature of the cell;
a controller adapted to measure a temperature of the cell; and
wherein the controller is further adapted to selectively activate the heater to maintain the temperature of the cell above a predetermined threshold.
30 . The system of claim 24 , further comprising:
a cathode gas injection port;
a source gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and inert gases;
wherein the cathode gas injection port is in fluid communication with the source gas and the cathode; and
a controller adapted to contact the cathode with the source gas.
31 . An electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising:
an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode;
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell; and
a diode adapted to prevent current backflow from the anode to the power supply.
32 . An electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising:
an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode;
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell; and
wherein the anode comprises an oxidation resistant catalyst.
33 . The system of claim 32 , wherein the oxidation resistant catalyst comprises platinum.
34 . The system of claim 32 , wherein the oxidation resistant catalyst contains less than 0.1% carbon on a molar basis.