All-optical logic gates using nonlinear elements—claim set VI
An all-optical logic gates comprises a nonlinear element such as an optical resonator configured to receive optical input signals, at least one of which is amplitude-modulated to include data. The nonlinear element is configured in relation to the carrier frequency of the optical input signals to perform a logic operation based on the resonant frequency of the nonlinear element in relation to the carrier frequency. Based on the optical input signals, the nonlinear element generates an optical output signal having a binary logic level. A combining medium can be used to combine the optical input signals for discrimination by the nonlinear element to generate the optical output signal. Various embodiments include all-optical AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, OR, XOR, and XNOR gates and memory latch.
1. An all-optical memory latch receiving first and second optical input signals having respective amplitude-modulated binary logic levels and continuous wave (CW) light having an amplitude at the more intense binary logic level, the all-optical memory latch comprising:
a first logic gate configured with, in series, a first medium, a first nonlinear element, a second medium and a second nonlinear element, the first medium combining the first optical input signal and a restored second optical output signal, the first nonlinear element comprising a nonlinear element with optical resonator nonlinearly discriminating the combined first and third optical input signals to generate a first optical output signal, the second medium combining the first optical output signal and CW light, and the second nonlinear element comprising an optical resonator nonlinearly discriminating the combined first optical output signal and the CW light to restore the more intense binary logic level of the first optical output signal; and
a second logic gate configured with, in series, a first medium, a first nonlinear element, a second medium and a second nonlinear element, the first medium combining the second optical input signal and a fourth optical input signal, the first nonlinear element comprising an optical resonator nonlinearly discriminating the combined second and fourth optical input signals to generate a second optical output signal, the second medium combining the second optical output signal and CW light, and the second nonlinear element comprising an optical resonator nonlinearly discriminating the combined second optical output signal and the CW light to restore the more intense binary logic level of the second optical output signal; and
the latch configured to output the restored first optical output signal and to guide the restored first optical output signal from the second nonlinear element of the first logic gate to the first medium of the second logic gate as the fourth optical input signal, and
the latch configured to output the restored second optical output signal and to guide the restored second optical output signal from the second nonlinear element of the second logic gate to the first medium of the first logic gate as the third optical input signal.
2. An all-optical memory latch receiving first and second optical input signals having respective amplitude-modulated binary logic levels and continuous wave (CW) light having an amplitude at the more intense binary logic level, the all-optical memory latch comprising:
a first logic gate comprising
a first medium configured to combine the first optical input signal and a third optical input signal;
a first nonlinear element positioned optically downstream from the first medium and configured to receive the combined first optical input signal and third optical input signal from the first medium, the first nonlinear element comprising an optical resonator composed of an intensity-dependent refractive index material tuned to perform a logic operation on the combined first and third optical input signals to generate a first optical output signal;
a second medium positioned optically downstream from the first nonlinear element and configured to receive the first optical output signal and the CW light, the second medium combining the first optical output signal and the CW light; and
a second nonlinear element positioned optically downstream from the second medium and configured to receive the combined first optical output signal and the CW light from the second medium, the second nonlinear element comprising an optical resonator composed of an intensity-dependent refractive index material tuned with a resonant frequency to perform a logic operation on the binary logic levels of the combined first optical output signal and the CW light, the second nonlinear element using the CW light to restore the more intense binary logic level of the first optical output signal; and
a second logic gate comprising
a first medium configured to combine the second optical input signal and a fourth optical input signal;
a first nonlinear element positioned optically downstream from the first medium and configured to receive the combined second optical input signal and fourth optical input signal from the first medium, the first nonlinear element comprising an optical resonator composed of an intensity-dependent refractive index material tuned to perform a logic operation on the combined second and fourth optical input signals to generate a second optical output signal;
a second medium positioned optically downstream from the first nonlinear element and configured to receive the second optical output signal and the CW light, the second medium combining the second optical output signal and the CW light; and
a second nonlinear element positioned optically downstream from the second medium and configured to receive the combined second optical output signal and the CW light from the second medium, the second nonlinear element comprising an optical resonator composed of an intensity-dependent refractive index material tuned with a resonant frequency to perform a logic operation on the binary logic levels of the combined second optical output signal and the CW light, the second nonlinear element using the CW light to restore the more intense binary logic level of the second optical output signal;
the latch configured to output the restored first optical output signal and to guide the restored first optical output signal from the second nonlinear element of the first logic gate to the first medium of the second logic gate as the fourth optical input signal, and
the latch configured to output the restored second optical output signal and to guide the restored second optical output signal from the second nonlinear element of the second logic gate to the first medium of the first logic gate as the third optical input signal.
3. An all-optical memory latch as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least the first and second nonlinear elements of the first and second logic gates are implemented in a photonic crystal formed of at least two materials of different refractive indexes to create periodic structures arranged in relation to the wavelength of the light including the optical signals and CW light propagating in the photonic crystal so that the absence of structures defines pathways to permit the light to propagate and the presence of structures at boundaries of the pathways guides the light along the pathways in the photonic crystal and extinguishes the light outside of the boundaries.
4. An all-optical memory latch as claimed in claim 3 wherein the photonic crystal comprises first and second pathways which guide respective first and second optical output signals, the first and second pathways crossing at an intersection, the all-optical memory latch further comprising:
a cross-talk filter positioned at the intersection, for preventing cross-talk between the first and second optical output signals.
5. An all-optical memory latch as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of the first and second nonlinear elements of the first and second logic gates is implemented as a ring formed on a substrate.
6. An all-optical logic gate as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of the first and second nonlinear elements of the first and second logic gates is formed by spaced Bragg gratings formed in an optical fiber composed of nonlinear material.
7. An all-optical logic gate as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of the first and second nonlinear elements of the first and second logic gates comprises:
first and second spaced opposing mirrors; and
a nonlinear material situated between the mirrors.
8. An all-optical logic gate as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of the first and second nonlinear elements of the first and second logic gates is defined by the presence of structures on opposite ends of a cavity having an absence of structures.
9. An all-optical logic gate as claimed in claim 2 wherein the first and second optical input signals and the CW light comprise light of substantially the same wavelength, the wavelengths corresponding to the resonant frequencies of the first and second nonlinear elements of the first and second logic gates being detuned relative to the wavelength of the first and second optical inputs signals and the CW light to permit resonance only if the combined signal is sufficiently intense and not otherwise.