Method and apparatus for generating nuclear fusion using crystalline materials
Gently heating a pyroelectric crystal in a deuterated atmosphere can generate fusion under desktop conditions. The electrostatic field of the crystal is used to generate and accelerate a deuteron beam (>100 keV and >4 nA), which, upon striking a deuterated target, produces a neutron flux over 400 times the background level. The presence of neutrons within the target is confirmed by pulse shape analysis and proton recoil spectroscopy. Several elements of the system may be modified, including the configuration of the crystal or crystals, the composition of the surrounding environment and the target, the use of multiple probe tips, and the composition of the probe tip.
1. A method for producing a neutron flux, comprising:
locating a probe tip adjacent a pyroelectric crystal within a chamber;
evacuating said chamber of ionizable gases;
introducing a gaseous source of ions of deuterium within said chamber;
changing the temperature of said pyroelectric crystal in the chamber containing the gaseous source of deuterium ions;
wherein changing the temperature of said pyroelectric crystal produces an ion beam about said probe tip by field ionization of said gaseous source of deuterium ions; and
positioning a deuterated target in a trajectory of said ion beam;
wherein contact between said ion beam and said deuterated target produces a neutron flux.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising cooling said pyroelectric crystal before heating the pyroelectric crystal.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising locating a plurality of probe tips adjacent to at least one pyroelectric crystal within said chamber.
4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said gaseous source of ions comprises tritium gas.
5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the target comprises a tritiated target.
6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said pyroelectric crystal comprises lithium tantalate.
7. A method for producing a neutron flux, comprising:
locating an array of a plurality of pyroelectric crystals with adjacent probe tips within a chamber;
cooling said pyroelectric crystals;
evacuating said chamber;
introducing a gaseous source containing deuterium ions within said chamber;
heating said pyroelectric crystals in the chamber containing the gaseous source of deuterium ions;
wherein heating said pyroelectric crystals produces an ion beam about said probe tips by field ionization; and
positioning a deuterated target in a trajectory of said ion beam;
wherein contact between said ion beam and said deuterated target produces a neutron flux.
8. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein said gaseous source of ions comprises tritium gas.
9. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein said pyroelectric crystals comprises lithium tantalate.
10. A method for producing a neutron flux, comprising:
locating an array of a plurality of pyroelectric crystals with adjacent probe tips within a chamber;
cooling said pyroelectric crystals;
evacuating said chamber;
introducing a gaseous source of deuterium ions within said chamber;
heating said pyroelectric crystals in the chamber containing the gaseous source of deuterium ions;
wherein heating said pyroelectric crystals produces an ion beam about said probe tips by field ionization; and
positioning a tritiated target in a trajectory of said beam;
wherein contact between said beam and said tritiated target produces a neutron Flux.