X-ray transmissive optical mirror apparatus
A mirror is reflective to light and transmissive to x-rays. The mirror has a continuous mirror surface and an x-ray aperture within a body portion of the mirror proximate the continuous mirror surface that is transmissive to x-rays.
1. A system to generate x-rays by Compton backscattering, comprising:
an electron storage ring guiding electrons through an interaction point disposed along a portion of said electron storage ring; and
an optical system generating photon pulses coupled to said interaction point, the optical system including an optical resonator having a mirror reflective to said photon pulses and transmissive to x-rays, the mirror including:
a mirror body portion configured to provide mechanical support to a mirror surface, the mirror surface being continuous throughout an entire region encompassed by a first diameter and the mirror body portion having an interior region of reduced thickness within a second diameter so that the mirror body portion is at least partially transmissive to x-rays, the second diameter being less than the first diameter;
an optically reflective coating deposited on said mirror surface, said optically reflective coating being at least partially transmissive to x-rays; and
the mirror being reflective to light throughout the entire region of the mirror surface encompassed by the first diameter inclusive of the portion of the mirror surface within the second diameter, a portion of the mirror within the second diameter further being an x-ray aperture for transmission of x-rays through the mirror.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said optically reflective coating comprises a dielectric stack mirror for reflecting light at a pre-selected wavelength, said dielectric stack mirror including a sequence of dielectric materials of different refractive indices having a total x-ray loss below a first pre-selected value and a total optical reflectivity of at least a second pre-selected value.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein said mirror surface is super-polished with a surface roughness of less than one Angstrom rms.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein said dielectric stack mirror comprises a sequence of quarter-wave thick layers having a total reflectivity of at least about 0.9999.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein said x-ray aperture comprises a cavity within a mechanical substrate of said mirror to form a region of reduced thickness in said mirror.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein said first diameter is selected so that the mirror intercepts at least 99.99% of the optical power of an optical mode of the optical resonator.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein said mirror surface is polished directly into said mirror body portion.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein said mirror surface is formed on an optical substrate portion of the mirror body portion.
9. A system to generate x-rays by Compton backscattering, comprising:
an electron storage ring guiding electrons through an interaction point disposed along a portion of said electron storage ring; and
an optical system generating photon pulses coupled to said interaction point, the optical system including a high finesse optical resonator having a mirror reflective to said photon pulses and transmissive to x-rays, the mirror including:
a mirror body portion configured to provide mechanical support to a mirror surface, the mirror surface being continuous throughout an entire region encompass d by a first diameter and the mirror hod; portion having an interior region of reduced thickness within a second diameter so that the mirror body portion is at least partially transmissive to x-rays, the second diameter being less than the first diameter;
an optically reflective coating deposited on said mirror surface, said optically reflective coating being at least partially transmissive to x-rays; and
the system having a 180 degree backscattering geometry with an output x-ray beam being coaxial with a center of an optical mode impinging the mirror surface, the mirror being reflective to light throughout the entire region of the mirror surface encompassed by the first diameter inclusive of the portion of the mirror surface within the second diameter, a portion of the mirror within the second diameter further being an x-ray aperture for transmission of x-rays through the mirror.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein said optically reflective coating comprises a dielectric stack mirror for reflecting light at a pre-selected wavelength, said dielectric stack mirror including a sequence of dielectric materials of different refractive indices having a total x-ray loss below a first pre-selected value and a total optical reflectivity of at least a second pre-selected value.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein said mirror surface is super-polished with a surface roughness of less than one Angstrom rms.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein said dielectric stack mirror comprises a sequence of quarter-wave thick layers having a total reflectivity of at least about 0.9999.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein said first diameter is selected so that the mirror intercepts at least 99.99% of the optical power of the optical mode.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein said mirror surface is polished directly into said mirror body portion.
15. The system of claim 9 , wherein said mirror surface is formed on an optical substrate portion of the mirror body portion.
16. A method of generating x-rays by Compton backscattering, comprising:
storing electrons in an electron storage ring;
storing photons in an optical resonator coupled to a portion of the electron storage ring to generate an x-ray beam via approximately 180 degree Compton backscattering at an interaction point; and
utilizing a mirror of the optical resonator to simultaneously transmit the x-ray beam and reflect photons back into the optical resonator, the mirror being reflective to light throughout an entire region of a mirror surface encompassed by a first diameter and a body portion of the mirror having a reduced thickness within a second diameter less than the first diameter to form an x-ray aperture for the x-ray beam.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising expanding an optical mode of the resonator along an optical path of the optical resonator from the interaction point to the mirror surface so that at the mirror surface an optical mode waist of the optical mode is greater in diameter than the x-ray beam.