Compositions and methods for nucleic acid delivery
Compositions and methods are described for non-viral nucleic acid delivery. A targeting peptide capable of mediating targeting to a cell or subcellular compartment is derivatized with a photoaffinity label. Following an ionic interaction with a polynucleotide, such as DNA, and photolysis, the bioactive peptide becomes covalently attached to the DNA. Upon contact with a cell, the peptide facilities uptake of the peptide-polynucleotide conjugate into the cell or subcellular compartment. Methods for using this system for delivery of structural genes, including reporter genes, and detection of expression using bioluminescence are also described.
1. A compound comprising the following structure:
where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are F;
n is 1;
A is CO or NH;
wherein the targeting peptide is a peptide that can translocate and localize to the cytosol or a subcellular compartment of a cell; and
wherein the targeting peptide is selected from the group consisting of NLS peptides, fusogenic peptides, receptor ligands, antimicrobial peptides, and peptide hormones.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the targeting peptide has an N-terminus and a C-terminus, and when A is CO, A forms an amide bond with an α-amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue of the targeting peptide, and when A is NH, A forms an amide bond with the α-carboxyl group of the C-terminal amino acid residue of the targeting peptide.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of the targeting peptide is about 5 to about 50 amino acid residues long.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the NLS peptide is a fragment of a protein selected from the group consisting of SV40 large T NLS, M9 NLS, c-myc NLS, nucleoplasmin NLS, Xenopus N1 NLS, FGF3 NLS, and PARP NLS, or a variant having at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to the fragment.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the NLS peptide comprises a sequence having at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NOS: 16-25.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the fusogenic peptide is a fragment of a protein selected from the group consisting of melittin, HA-2, H5WYG, GAL4, KALA, JST-1, ppTG-1, VSV, penetratin, and transportan.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the fusogenic peptide comprises a sequence having at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NOS: 26-36.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the receptor ligand comprises a sequence having at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NOS: 37-58.
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial peptide is a fragment of a protein selected from the group consisting of: Abaecin, Apidaecins, Bac-5, Bac-7, Drosocin, Phosphenin, α-Defensins, β-Defensins, Insect defensins, Plant defensins, Protegrins, Drosomycin, Amphiphilic α-helical structure: Magainins, Dermaseptins, Bombinin, Cecropin, Esculentins-1, and Esculentins-2, or a variant having at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to the fragment.
10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the peptide hormone comprises a sequence having at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NOS: 59-83.
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the targeting peptide comprises a linker of 1 to 10 amino acid residues.
12. The compound of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises SEQ ID NO: 99 or 100.
13. A method comprising photoflashing a mixture of a polynucleotide and the compound of claim 1 under conditions suitable to avoid UV self-crosslinking of the polynucleotide, whereby the polynucleotide is covalently linked to the targeting peptide through the photoaffinity label.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the concentration of the compound is sufficient to provide a construct having 1 to 3 molecules of the compound attached to the polynucleotide.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture comprises about 0.1 to about 10 pmol of the compound per μg of the polynucleotide.