Method of creating an electro-mechanical energy conversion device
There are provided methods for creating energy conversion devices based on the giant flexoelectric effect in non-calamitic liquid crystals. By preparing a substance comprising at least one type of non-calamitic liquid crystal molecules and stabilizing the substance to form a mechanically flexible material, flexible conductive electrodes may be applied to the material to create an electro-mechanical energy conversion device which relies on the giant flexoelectric effect to produce electrical and/or mechanical energy that is usable in such applications as, for example, power sources, energy dissipation, sensors/transducers, and actuators.
1. A method of creating an electro-mechanical energy conversion device, said method comprising:
preparing a substance comprising at least one type of liquid crystalline material with molecules having a non-calamitic shape;
stabilizing said prepared substance to form a mechanically flexible material; and
applying at least one conductive electrode to said mechanically flexible material.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising at least two conductive electrodes and connecting said at least two electrodes with an electrical device.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the electrical device is selected from the group consisting of a circuit, a resistive load, a current detector, a source of electrical potential difference or combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said stabilizing includes initiating cross-linking between two or more functional groups of said at least one type of liquid crystalline material with molecules having a non-calamitic shape to form a polymer matrix of covalent bonds.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said preparing includes dissolving compounds having reactive functional groups within said liquid crystalline material with molecules having a non-calamitic shape.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said stabilizing includes initiating cross-linking between said reactive functional groups to form a polymer matrix.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said stabilizing includes initiating cross-linking between said reactive functional groups to form a polymer matrix of covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said stabilizing includes initiating cross-linking between two or more functional groups of said at least one type of non-calamitic liquid crystal molecules to form a polymer matrix of hydrogen bonds.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said stabilizing includes capturing said substance between elastic substrates.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said stabilizing includes capturing said substance within a pre-established polymer mesh.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising aligning said non-calamitic shaped liquid crystal molecules, before stabilizing said substance, such that a direction of average molecular anisotropy in an undistorted state is substantially uniform across the molecules.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said aligning is accomplished by at least one of surface treatment, mechanical deformation, external electric fields, and external magnetic fields.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-calamitic shaped liquid crystal molecules comprise bent-core liquid crystal molecules.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein a liquid crystal phase of said non-calamitic liquid shaped crystal molecules is nematic.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-calamitic shaped liquid crystal molecules are capable of exhibiting giant flexoelectricity.
16. A method of creating an electro-mechanical energy conversion device, said method comprising:
preparing a substance comprising at least one type of liquid crystalline material with molecules having a non-calamitic shape and capable of exhibiting a giant flexoelectric effect;
stabilizing said prepared substance to form a mechanically flexible material; and
applying at least one conductive electrode to said mechanically flexible material.
17. A method of creating an electro-mechanical energy conversion device comprising:
preparing a substance comprising at least one type of non-calamitic liquid crystal molecules;
stabilizing said prepared substance to form a mechanically flexible material, wherein the mechanically flexible material comprises a polymer matrix;
applying at least one conductive electrode to said material, wherein mechanical flexing of the mechanically flexible material generates electrical energy which is received by the at least one electrode.
18. The method as in claim 17 , wherein the polymer matrix is comprised of bonds selected from the group consisting of covalent bonds between two or more functional groups of reactive compounds dissolved in the non-calamitic liquid crystal molecules before the substance as stabilized, covalent bonds between two or more functional groups of the at least one type of non-calamitic liquid crystal molecules hydrogen bonds between two or more functional groups of the at least one type of non-calamitic liquid crystal molecules, hydrogen bonds between two or more functional groups of reactive compounds dissolved in the non-calamitic liquid crystal molecules before the substance is stabilized or combinations thereof.