Nano-electromechanical circuit using co-planar transmission line
A co-planar waveguide structure is integrated with an upwardly extending resonant pillar to produce transfer cells that provide controlled transmission of electricity between adjacent structures of the co-planar waveguide in order to produce easily fabricated electronic devices operating at megahertz and gigahertz speeds for filtration, modulation, rectification, and mixing of high-frequency signals.
1. A method of processing electrical signals in a megahertz or greater frequency range comprising the steps of:
(a) introducing a signal to a co-planar waveguide, the co-planar waveguide providing a central conductor for receiving an input signal at a waveguide input and providing an output signal at a waveguide output, the central conductor supported by a insulating planar substrate and flanked on either side by ground conductors substantially parallel to each other and the central conductor also supported by the insulating planar substrate and spaced from the central conductor by gaps having a substantially predetermined dielectric, the gaps providing a predefined capacitance which together with an intrinsic inductance of the central conductor produces a predetermined characteristic impedance of a waveguide structure allowing impedance matched, low-loss transmission of high-frequency signals in at least one of the megahertz and gigahertz range; and
(b) exciting into resonance at least one mechanically resonant pillar extending upward from the insulating planar substrate within the co-planar waveguide, the mechanically resonant pillar supporting a conductor, the conductor transferring electrons from the central conductor as received from the waveguide input to a second conductor with mechanical movement of the resonant pillar; and
(c) extracting a modified signal from the waveguide output.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of exciting the pillar into resonance employs an AC biasing voltage across the pillar.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of exciting the pillar into resonance employs a DC biasing voltage across the pillar to cause self-excitation of the pillar.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the mechanically resonant pillar has a natural resonant frequency equal to a desired pass band and wherein the mechanically resonant pillar is positioned within a gap in the central conductor.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the mechanically resonant pillar has a natural resonant frequency equal to a desired rejection band and wherein the mechanically resonant pillar is positioned between the central conductor and a ground conductor.
6. A method of processing electrical signals in a megahertz or greater frequency range comprising the steps of:
(a) introducing a signal to a conductor, the conductor for receiving an input signal at an input and providing an output signal at an output, the conductor supported by an insulating substrate and having a gap between the input and output; and
(b) exciting into resonance at least one mechanically resonant pillar extending upward from the insulating planar substrate within the gap, the mechanically resonant pillar supporting a pillar conductor, the pillar conductor transferring electrons from the conductor as received from the input across the gap to be provided to the output with mechanical movement of the resonant pillar; and
(c) extracting a modified signal from the output; and
further including the step of providing a steady state bias current across the mechanically resonant pillar to provide a rectification of current flowing via the mechanically resonant pillar.
7. A method of processing electrical signals in a megahertz or greater frequency range comprising the steps of
(a) introducing a signal to a conductor, the conductor for receiving an input signal at an input and providing an output signal at an output, the conductor supported by an insulating substrate and having a gap between the input and output; and
(b) exciting into resonance at least one mechanically resonant pillar extending upward from the insulating planar substrate within the gap, the mechanically resonant pillar supporting a moving conductor, the moving conductor transferring electrons from the conductor as received from the input across the gap to be provided to the output with mechanical movement of the resonant pillar; and
(c) extracting a modified signal from the output; and
further including the step of providing a modulated bias voltage across the mechanically resonant pillar to provide a multiplication term of a signal on the conductor times the modulated bias voltage.