Detection of radiation labeled sites using a radiation detection probe or camera incorporating a solid state photo-multiplier
Intraoperative radiation detection probes and cameras for use in surgical or transcutaneous procedures or procedures incorporating probes inserted through body orifices to aid in the location, detection and removal of radiation labeled cells, abnormal tissue or deposits thereon incorporate solid state or silicon photomultiplier (SSPM, or SiPM) devices to provide safe, highly sensitive and compact beta and gamma probes or cameras for use in locating the radiation labeled sites within the human body or abnormal labeled sites within the body. The probes may include both gamma and beta detecting components as well as means for enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of the beta detectors.
1. A beta camera for detecting the presence of radiation emitted from labeled sites in the human body comprising:
a plastic scintillator film sensitive to beta radiation having a front surface for receiving emissions from radioactive labeled sites,
an array of multiple silicon photomultipliers, each of said solid state or silicon photomultipliers having a front surface in direct optical communication with a rear surface of the plastic scintillator,
electronic signal output means on a rear surface of each of said silicon photomultipliers, and
an electronic circuit located to receive the electronic signal output from each of said silicon photomultipliers,
the combination of at least the plastic scintillator and array of silicon photomultipliers being encased in a capsule, a portion of the capsule covering the front surface of the plastic scintillator having a thickness which allows transmission of the beta radiation to the front surface of the plastic scintillator, portions of the capsule on the rear and side surfaces acting as a barrier to light and beta radiation.
2. The beta camera of claim 1 further including data processing means to convert output signals from the electronic circuit to a visual image for display on a video monitor, the display indicating the level of radiation being emitting from labeled sites immediately adjacent to the front surface of the plastic scintillator.
3. The beta camera of claim 1 further including data processing means to convert output signals from the electronic circuit to a visual image for display on a video monitor, the display indicating the location within a surgical site being scanned of the labeled tumor cells emitting radiation, the level of radiation being emitted from the labeled sites immediately adjacent to the front surface of the plastic scintillator and a map of the levels of radiation measured from different locations in the surgical site.
4. The beta camera of claim 1 wherein the plastic scintillator has multiple tapered extensions on a rear surface thereof, the number of tapered extensions being the same as the number of silicon photomultipliers, each one of the multiple extensions being connected to a silicon photomultiplier adjacent thereto by the optical glue.
5. The beta camera of claim 1 wherein optical communication between the silicon photomultipliers front surfaces with a rear surface of the plastic scintillator is provided by a light transmitting film.
6. The beta camera of claim 5 wherein the light transmitting film has multiple tapered extensions on a rear surface thereof, the number of tapered extensions being the same as the number of silicon photomultipliers each one of the multiple extensions being connected to a silicon photomultiplier adjacent thereto to transmit optical signals thereto.
7. The beta camera of claim 1 wherein the radiation labeled sites within the human body are tumor cells, inflamed or abnormal tissue or atheromous plaque.
8. The beta camera of claim 1 wherein the beta camera is mounted on or for placement through a biopsy needle, is located in the distal end of a vascular catheter, is configured for placement through the port in a laparoscope or into an open surgical site against exposed tissue.
9. The beta camera of claim 1 further including vacuum means attached to or on the surface thereof for applying a suction force to adjacent tissue surfaces to provide intimate contact of the outer surface to the adjacent tissue to aid in image acquisition.
10. The beta camera of claim 1 further including a digital visible-light camera for obtaining optical images of adjacent tissue.
11. The beta camera of claim 1 further including marking means for application of observable indicia onto the surface of adjacent tissue.
12. A beta camera for detecting the presence of radiation emitted from labeled sites in the human body comprising:
a plastic scintillator film sensitive to beta radiation having a front surface for receiving emissions from radioactive labeled sites,
an array of multiple silicon photomultipliers, each of said silicon photomultipliers having a front surface in direct optical communication with a rear surface of the plastic scintillator,
electronic signal output means on a rear surface of each of said silicon photomultipliers, and
an electronic circuit located to receive the electronic signal output from each of said silicon photomultipliers,
components of the beta camera arranged so that beta rays are transmitted through the front surface of the plastic scintillator in preference to transmission of the beta radiation to the rear and side surfaces of the array of multiple silicon photomultipliers and the plastic scintillator.