Compositions and methods for inhibiting cell migration
The finding that Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) is a dual function protein demonstrates a mechanism for the coordination of cell migration and antagonism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during developmental and pathological processes. The profile of Dkk proteins expressed by human breast cancers correlates with indicators of outcome: Dkk1 associates with markers of poor prognosis whereas expression of single function Dkk2 or Dkk3 (which inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promote migration, respectively) correlates with phenotypes reflective of good prognosis. Therefore, the pro-migratory activities of Dkk1 and 3 identified here offer new insights into breast cancer progression and a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention.
1. A method of mobilizing cells comprising contacting the cells with an effective amount of a fragment of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) protein of the formula: set forth in SEQ ID NO:4.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells express endogenous Dkk1.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cells do not express endogenous Dkk1 protein.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells contacted with the fragment migrate to the site of a wound.
5. A method of mobilizing cells comprising contacting the cells with an effective amount of human Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) protein set forth as SEQ ID NO:5 comprising a mutation in the amino terminal cysteine rich domain (CRD) and a mutation in the carboxy-terminal CRD.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Dkk1 protein comprises a mutation at residues 124 and 194.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the Dkk1 protein comprises aspartate at residue 124 and alanine at residue 194.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cells do not express endogenous Dkk1 protein.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells contacted with the Dkk1 protein migrate to the site of a wound.