Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol and/or dimethyl ether using bi-reforming of methane or natural gas
The invention discloses a method of converting carbon dioxide to methanol and/or dimethyl ether using any methane source or natural gas consisting of a combination of steam and dry reforming, in a specific ratio to produce a 2:1 molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with subsequent conversion of the CO and H 2 mixture exclusively to methanol and/or dimethyl ether. This method is termed the BI-REFORMING™ process. Dehydrating formed methanol allows producing dimethyl ether (DME) using any suitable catalytic method, including use of solid acid catalysts. When recycling formed water into the bi-reforming step the conversion of carbon dioxide with methane produces exclusively dimethyl ether without any by-product formation and complete utilization of hydrogen.
1. A process of making exclusively dimethyl ether from carbon dioxide and a methane source which comprises:
preparing methanol from carbon dioxide and a methane source by:
combining wet reforming and dry reforming of sufficient amounts of methane, carbon dioxide and water under reaction conditions sufficient to produce an essentially 2:1 molar mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and
converting the essentially 2:1 hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture under conditions sufficient to form methanol;
dehydrating the methanol thus produced; and
recycling any water that is present under conditions sufficient to utilize only carbon dioxide and methane from the methane source to produce exclusively dimethyl ether.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combining of the wet and dry reforming is conducted either in separate two steps or combined in a single step with the methane, carbon dioxide and water present in sufficient stoichiometric amounts to provide the hydrogen and carbon monoxide for production of methanol.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the methane, carbon dioxide and water present in the single combined bi-reforming step are present in a mole ratio of about 3:1:2 to provide a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a mole ratio of about 1:2.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted to methanol.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combined bi-reforming is conducted at a temperature range of about 800 to 1100° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bi-reforming is conducted in the presence of a combination of a metal and a metal oxide catalysts.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst combination is Ni and V 2 O 5 ; Ni 2 O 3 and V 2 O 5 ; or Ni 2 V 2 O 7 and Ni 3 V 2 O 8 .
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst combination is supported on a high surface or nanostructured support.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the support comprises silica, alumina, a metal oxide or a metal.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combined wet and dry reforming is conducted in the presence of a combination of metal oxide catalysts.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst combination is supported on a high surface or nanostructured support.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the support comprises silica, alumina, a metal oxide or a metal.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combined wet and dry reforming is conducted in the presence of an added catalyst that includes single or mixed catalysts based on V, Ti, Ga, Mg, Cu, Mo, Bi, Fe, Mn, Co, Nb, Zr, La or Sn.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the catalyst combination is supported on a high surface or nanostructured support.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the support comprises silica, alumina, a metal oxide or a metal.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the methane source is natural gas, coal bed methane, methane hydrates, or aluminum carbide based methane.