siRNA and methods of manufacture
Double-stranded RNA of about 19 to about 25 nucleotides in length capable of regulating gene expression by RNA interference is provided. Such double-stranded RNA are particularly useful for treating disease or conditions associated with a target mRNA or gene. Methods of manufacture and methods of use of the double-stranded RNA are also provided.
1. A method of preparing a double-stranded RNA molecule comprising
(a) synthesizing one RNA strand having a length from about 19 to about 25 nucleotides,
(b) synthesizing a second RNA strand and a third RNA strand, wherein the combined length of the second RNA strand and the third RNA strand is from about 19 to about 25 nucleotides;
(c) combining the synthesized RNA strands under conditions, wherein a double-stranded RNA molecule is formed, wherein the double-stranded RNA molecule consists of a single double stranded region and single stranded regions of about 1 to about 5 nucleotides at the 3′ ends of at least one of the strands of the double-stranded RNA molecule.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RNA strands are chemically synthesized.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RNA strands are enzymatically synthesized.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded RNA molecule comprises a single double stranded region and single stranded regions of about 1 to about 5 nucleotides at the 3′ ends of at least one of the strands of the double-stranded RNA molecule.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein both strands of the double-stranded RNA molecule each have a 3′-overhang from about 1 to about 5 nucleotides.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein both strands of the double-stranded RNA molecule each have a 3′-overhang of about 2 nucleotides.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one RNA strand has a length from about 20 to about 22 nucleotides and the combined length of the second RNA strand and the third RNA strand is from about 20 to about 22 nucleotides.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded RNA molecule comprises at least one sugar-modified nucleotide, wherein the 2′—OH group of said sugar-modified nucleotide is replaced by a group selected from H, OR, R, halo, SH, SR, NH 2 , NHR, N(R) 2 or CN, wherein R is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl and halo is F, Cl, Br or I.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double stranded RNA molecule comprises at least one backbone-modified nucleotide containing a phosphorothioate group.
10. A method of preparing a double-stranded RNA molecule comprising
(a) synthesizing one RNA strand having a length from 25 or fewer nucleotides,
(b) synthesizing a second RNA strand and a third RNA strand, wherein the combined length of the second RNA strand and the third RNA strand is 25 or fewer nucleotides;
(c) combining the synthesized RNA strands under conditions, wherein a double-stranded RNA molecule is formed, wherein the double-stranded RNA molecule consists of a single double stranded region and single stranded regions of about 1 to about 5 nucleotides at the 3′ ends of at least one of the strands of the double-stranded RNA molecule.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the double-stranded RNA molecule comprises a single double stranded region and single stranded regions of about 1 to about 5 nucleotides at the 3′ ends of at least one of the strands of the double-stranded RNA molecule.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one RNA strand has a length from 20-22 nucleotides and the combined length of the second RNA strand and the third RNA strand is from 20-22 nucleotides.